【摘要】：二氧化硅中空微球的研究是基于中空微球的優(yōu)異性能而發(fā)展起來(lái)的。它是一種新型微粒材料,直徑在納米至數(shù)微米之間,具有密度低、強(qiáng)度高、比表面積大、穩(wěn)定性好、化學(xué)組成及粒度可控等特點(diǎn),它的內(nèi)部中空結(jié)構(gòu)使其具有獨(dú)特的力學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)、聲學(xué)和熱學(xué)等性能。聚苯胺作為應(yīng)用最為廣泛的導(dǎo)電高分子之一,具有合成簡(jiǎn)便、較高電導(dǎo)率和較強(qiáng)電化學(xué)活性等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但是它特有的苯醌式剛性結(jié)構(gòu),使其在電化學(xué)反應(yīng)過(guò)程中分子鏈容易斷裂,導(dǎo)致電學(xué)性能降低和力學(xué)加工性能差等缺陷。 本文采用化學(xué)法-反相微乳液法制備二氧化硅中空微球。首先以正硅酸已酯為硅源制備二氧化硅前驅(qū)體溶液,然后再通過(guò)二氧化硅前驅(qū)體在反相微乳液中形成的油包水“微水池”作為反應(yīng)場(chǎng)所,二氧化硅前驅(qū)體以液體小液滴為核模板,在其表面通過(guò)催化劑的作用發(fā)生縮聚反應(yīng)固化成殼。在反相微乳液體系中,采用單一乳化劑和助乳化劑相匹配的原則,通過(guò)控制水浴溫度、pH值、前驅(qū)體水相與介質(zhì)油相的比例,采用超聲攪拌的方式,成功制備出粒徑分布較均勻的二氧化硅中空微球。通過(guò)相差顯微鏡、SEM、紅外、DTA和XRD等表征測(cè)試手段,對(duì)制備過(guò)程中的影響因素和最終的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行研究分析。 本課題實(shí)驗(yàn)采用自制的二氧化硅中空微球作為基體材料,通過(guò)苯胺在其表面發(fā)生原位聚合,形成包覆二氧化硅微球的聚苯胺殼層,得到聚苯胺-二氧化硅中空微球復(fù)合材料。該新型復(fù)合材料,兼?zhèn)淞藷o(wú)機(jī)材料和有機(jī)材料的雙重優(yōu)點(diǎn),既具備了二氧化硅中空微球低密度、高強(qiáng)度、流動(dòng)性好、耐磨和物化性能穩(wěn)定等優(yōu)點(diǎn),又具有聚苯胺的電化學(xué)活性,并且PANI-SiO2中空微球復(fù)合材料較單一相聚苯胺具有更好的電性能。可望在二次電池、電流變體、超級(jí)電容器和微電子器件電極的開(kāi)發(fā)得到利用,拓展了在導(dǎo)電材料、吸波材料和催化劑載體等領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。
文內(nèi)圖片：
圖片說(shuō)明：粉煤灰漂珠Fig.1-1Flyashfloatingbeads
[Abstract]:The research of silica hollow microspheres has been developed based on the excellent properties of hollow microspheres. The novel particulate material has the characteristics of low density, high strength, large specific surface area, good stability, chemical composition and controllable particle size, and the like, and has unique mechanical, optical, electrical, acoustic and thermal properties. The polyaniline is one of the most widely used conductive polymers, and has the advantages of simple and convenient synthesis, higher electrical conductivity and strong electrochemical activity, Resulting in poor electrical performance and poor mechanical processing performance. In this paper, a chemical-phase micro-emulsion method was used to prepare the hollow silica of silicon dioxide. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, preparing a silicon dioxide precursor solution by using orthosilicate as a silicon source, and then using a water-in-oil "micro-pool" formed in the reverse microemulsion by a silicon dioxide precursor as a reaction site, a plate which is cured by a polycondensation reaction on the surface of the plate by the action of a catalyst, in that invert micro-emulsion system, the principle of matching the single emulsifier and the co-emulsifier is adopt, the proportion of the water bath temperature, the pH value, the precursor aqueous phase and the medium oil phase is controlled, the ultrasonic agitation mode is adopted to successfully prepare the silica hollow micro-emulsion with the uniform particle size distribution, The influence factors and the final product in the preparation process were studied by means of phase contrast microscopy, SEM, IR, DTA and XRD. In this paper, a self-made silica hollow microsphere is used as the base material, and the polyaniline shell is formed by in-situ polymerization on the surface of the aniline through the aniline, so as to obtain the polyaniline-silicon dioxide hollow microsphere complex. The novel composite material has the advantages of low density, high strength, good fluidity, stable wear resistance and physical and chemical properties, and the like, The activity of PANI-SiO2 is better than that of single-phase polyaniline. The electric performance is expected to be utilized in the development of secondary battery, current variant, super capacitor and micro-electronic device electrode, and the fields of conducting material, wave-absorbing material and catalyst carrier are expanded.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：O613.72;O633.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李云凱,王勇,高勇,鐘家湘;空心微珠簡(jiǎn)介[J];兵器材料科學(xué)與工程;2002年03期

2 李鵬,劉德安,楊學(xué)忠;微球復(fù)合泡沫材料的研究和應(yīng)用[J];玻璃鋼/復(fù)合材料;2000年04期

3 沈軍，王玨，，吳翔;氣凝膠──一種結(jié)構(gòu)可控的新型功能材料[J];材料科學(xué)與工程;1994年03期

4 楊青林,翟錦,宋延林,萬(wàn)梅香,江雷,徐文國(guó),李前樹(shù);導(dǎo)電聚苯胺與磁性γ-Fe_2O_3納米復(fù)合物的電磁性能[J];高等學(xué)�；瘜W(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2003年12期

5 馮彩虹,矯慶澤,李前樹(shù),閔恩澤;溶膠-凝膠法制備聚醚砜-二氧化硅復(fù)合材料[J];高等學(xué)校化學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2004年09期

6 楊晉濤;范宏;卜志揚(yáng);李伯耿;;聚苯乙烯/蒙脫土納米復(fù)合材料的制備及結(jié)構(gòu)研究[J];高分子學(xué)報(bào);2007年01期

7 宋秋生;史鐵鈞;王華林;杭國(guó)培;;PVA/SiO_2雜化纖維的制備與表征[J];高分子材料科學(xué)與工程;2007年06期

8 余錫賓,王華林,訾振華;TEOS-PEG無(wú)機(jī)-有機(jī)雜化復(fù)合材料的研究[J];高分子材料科學(xué)與工程;1999年01期

9 嚴(yán)春美;羅貽靜;趙曉鵬;;無(wú)機(jī)材料納米空心球的制備方法研究進(jìn)展[J];功能材料;2006年03期

10 王麗萍,洪廣言;無(wú)機(jī)—有機(jī)納米復(fù)合材料[J];功能材料;1998年04期

本文編號(hào)：2510041