法治視野下的政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-22 09:40
【摘要】： 改革開放以來(lái),隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,政治對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的反作用日益明顯,如何打造法治政府從而更好地為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展服務(wù)成了當(dāng)務(wù)之急。加快轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能、深化行政體制改革愈發(fā)引起黨中央的重視,頻頻出現(xiàn)在各類黨政資料中。而對(duì)于政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變的理論研究卻相對(duì)滯后,缺乏充分的實(shí)證數(shù)據(jù)以供參考,也缺乏宏觀意義的論著論述加以概括。本文著力于對(duì)法治政府的法社會(huì)學(xué)分析,試圖從黨政資料、法律法規(guī)、案例實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出我國(guó)政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變的法治路徑。 法治包含多重涵義,既包括有完善的法律體系,又包括人人依法辦事的良好秩序,以通過(guò)法律的手段實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)權(quán)利的保障和對(duì)權(quán)力的制約為目標(biāo)。而經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)決定上層建筑,由于經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的轉(zhuǎn)變,我國(guó)政府職能的轉(zhuǎn)變由以階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)為綱轉(zhuǎn)到經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)上來(lái),再由以注重經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為主轉(zhuǎn)移到更加注重社會(huì)管理和公共服務(wù)職能。這一轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程是否遵循法治的軌跡,需要對(duì)其現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)、法律依據(jù)以及實(shí)踐情況加以考察。經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的變遷、行政法律制度的形成與完善、行政司法過(guò)程中的思索與前進(jìn),每一步都滲透著我國(guó)政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變的規(guī)則——以法律為依托,立法引導(dǎo)政府職能向規(guī)范化、縱深化轉(zhuǎn)變；以權(quán)力制約為原則,放活市場(chǎng)、尊重人權(quán),政府的服務(wù)職能不斷強(qiáng)化。 中西方傳統(tǒng)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化都有著本質(zhì)的差異,政府職能的轉(zhuǎn)變卻是各個(gè)國(guó)家治理中關(guān)注的永恒話題。西方發(fā)達(dá)市民社會(huì)中的社會(huì)團(tuán)體參與公共事務(wù)的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)我們可以借鑒,但更應(yīng)該注重本土資源的挖掘和善用。我國(guó)政府職能的轉(zhuǎn)變并沒(méi)有照搬西方的模式,而是建立在行政執(zhí)法與司法的困惑與反思之中,這種困惑與反思進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)了法治的進(jìn)程。 筆者認(rèn)為,我國(guó)政府職能發(fā)展至今有其獨(dú)有的轉(zhuǎn)變方式,這種方式不同于其他任何一個(gè)國(guó)家,也不是依靠簡(jiǎn)單的嫁接和移植就能一蹴而就的。無(wú)論是步入社會(huì)主義道路還是社會(huì)主義政治體制下的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)嘗試,都沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的經(jīng)驗(yàn)可供參考,政府職能的轉(zhuǎn)變同樣是摸著石頭過(guò)河的艱難探索�，F(xiàn)實(shí)的需求呼吁立法的出臺(tái),而在制度不完善、技術(shù)不發(fā)達(dá)和轉(zhuǎn)型期瞬息萬(wàn)變的時(shí)代背景下,只有實(shí)踐后才能檢驗(yàn)出立法的優(yōu)劣；依法行政,需要自覺(jué)自發(fā),也不可能短期內(nèi)將根深蒂固的傳統(tǒng)觀念一次性根除。中國(guó)的政府職能就是在這樣一個(gè)權(quán)利和權(quán)力的相互博弈中轉(zhuǎn)變和平衡。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up to the outside world, with the development of economy, the reaction of politics to economy has become more and more obvious. How to build a government ruled by law so as to better serve the development of economy has become an urgent task. Speeding up the transformation of government functions and deepening the reform of the administrative system have attracted more and more attention from the CPC Central Committee and frequently appeared in all kinds of party and government materials. However, the theoretical research on the transformation of government functions is relatively lagged, lacking sufficient empirical data for reference, but also lack of macro-significance of the treatise to sum up. This paper focuses on the legal sociology analysis of the government ruled by law, and tries to sum up the path of the transformation of the function of the government by law from the party and government materials, laws and regulations, and case practice. The rule of law contains multiple meanings, including both a perfect legal system and a good order for everyone to act in accordance with the law, with the aim of realizing the protection of rights and restriction of power by means of law. And the economic base determines the superstructure. As a result of the transformation of the economic system, the transformation of the government's functions in China has shifted from class struggle to economic construction. Then shift from focusing on economic construction to pay more attention to social management and public service functions. Whether this transformation process follows the track of rule of law or not needs to examine its realistic basis, legal basis and practice. The changes of economic policy, the formation and perfection of the administrative legal system, the reflection and progress of the administrative judicial process, each step permeates the rules of the transformation of the governmental functions of our country-relying on the law, the legislation guides the governmental functions to be standardized. Deepening the transformation; Take the power restriction as the principle, let the market live, respect the human rights, the service function of the government strengthens ceaselessly. There are essential differences in tradition, politics, economy and culture between China and the West, but the change of government function is an eternal topic in the governance of every country. We can draw lessons from the advanced experience of social groups participating in public affairs in western developed civil society, but we should pay more attention to the excavation and optimal use of local resources. The transformation of government function in our country does not copy the western model, but is based on the confusion and reflection of administrative law enforcement and judicature, which further promote the process of rule of law. The author believes that the development of government function in China has its unique mode of transformation, which is different from any other country, and can not be achieved overnight by simple grafting and transplantation. There is no ready-made experience for reference whether to step into the socialist road or the attempt of market economy under the socialist political system. The transformation of government function is also a difficult exploration to cross the river with the help of stone. The realistic demand calls for the enactment of legislation, and under the background of imperfect system, underdeveloped technology and rapid change in transition period, only after practice can we test the merits and demerits of legislation; Administration by law requires self-determination, and it is impossible to eradicate ingrained traditional concepts once and for all in a short period of time. China's government functions are transformed and balanced in such a game of rights and powers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D630.1
本文編號(hào)：2445481
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up to the outside world, with the development of economy, the reaction of politics to economy has become more and more obvious. How to build a government ruled by law so as to better serve the development of economy has become an urgent task. Speeding up the transformation of government functions and deepening the reform of the administrative system have attracted more and more attention from the CPC Central Committee and frequently appeared in all kinds of party and government materials. However, the theoretical research on the transformation of government functions is relatively lagged, lacking sufficient empirical data for reference, but also lack of macro-significance of the treatise to sum up. This paper focuses on the legal sociology analysis of the government ruled by law, and tries to sum up the path of the transformation of the function of the government by law from the party and government materials, laws and regulations, and case practice. The rule of law contains multiple meanings, including both a perfect legal system and a good order for everyone to act in accordance with the law, with the aim of realizing the protection of rights and restriction of power by means of law. And the economic base determines the superstructure. As a result of the transformation of the economic system, the transformation of the government's functions in China has shifted from class struggle to economic construction. Then shift from focusing on economic construction to pay more attention to social management and public service functions. Whether this transformation process follows the track of rule of law or not needs to examine its realistic basis, legal basis and practice. The changes of economic policy, the formation and perfection of the administrative legal system, the reflection and progress of the administrative judicial process, each step permeates the rules of the transformation of the governmental functions of our country-relying on the law, the legislation guides the governmental functions to be standardized. Deepening the transformation; Take the power restriction as the principle, let the market live, respect the human rights, the service function of the government strengthens ceaselessly. There are essential differences in tradition, politics, economy and culture between China and the West, but the change of government function is an eternal topic in the governance of every country. We can draw lessons from the advanced experience of social groups participating in public affairs in western developed civil society, but we should pay more attention to the excavation and optimal use of local resources. The transformation of government function in our country does not copy the western model, but is based on the confusion and reflection of administrative law enforcement and judicature, which further promote the process of rule of law. The author believes that the development of government function in China has its unique mode of transformation, which is different from any other country, and can not be achieved overnight by simple grafting and transplantation. There is no ready-made experience for reference whether to step into the socialist road or the attempt of market economy under the socialist political system. The transformation of government function is also a difficult exploration to cross the river with the help of stone. The realistic demand calls for the enactment of legislation, and under the background of imperfect system, underdeveloped technology and rapid change in transition period, only after practice can we test the merits and demerits of legislation; Administration by law requires self-determination, and it is impossible to eradicate ingrained traditional concepts once and for all in a short period of time. China's government functions are transformed and balanced in such a game of rights and powers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D630.1
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