【摘要】：信訪制度作為公民政治參與、糾紛解決、權(quán)利救濟(jì)的一種特殊手段,在我國(guó)有著悠久的歷史淵源和深厚的社會(huì)根基。實(shí)踐證明,它在化解矛盾、穩(wěn)定秩序方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。但是,近年來(lái)信訪大潮不斷,實(shí)踐中暴露出的各種問(wèn)題甚至引發(fā)了制度存廢的討論。筆者基于興趣,選取信訪作為碩士學(xué)位論文的主題。對(duì)制度設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)際操作中的各種現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行梳理,試圖尋找問(wèn)題背后的原因,并在法治中國(guó)的背景下為信訪找到一條可行的出路。 本文共分五章。 第一章為“信訪”簡(jiǎn)述。以簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言介紹了信訪的含義、特征,并對(duì)文章中“信訪”與“上訪”的區(qū)分和詞匯使用等進(jìn)行了交待。另外,大體介紹了建黨以來(lái)“信訪”制度的發(fā)展歷程。 第二章為信訪活動(dòng)的制度現(xiàn)狀。通過(guò)對(duì)憲法第41條、新舊《信訪條例》對(duì)照以及與信訪有關(guān)的各類(lèi)規(guī)范性文件的歸納,筆者試圖描摹出在法律、法規(guī)和政策層面信訪制度的應(yīng)然狀態(tài)。 第三章為信訪實(shí)踐中的問(wèn)題。筆者將信訪博弈的參與者劃分為信訪人、“上層信訪機(jī)關(guān)”和“下層行政機(jī)關(guān)”三個(gè)利益群體。通過(guò)對(duì)上述三者的考察,找出信訪實(shí)踐中實(shí)然存在的各種弊病和不足。 第四章為信訪體制弊病的成因。通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)家政策的宏觀分析,從上層著手、從源頭著手,剖析現(xiàn)象背后的原因。比如中央“維穩(wěn)”壓力在信訪中的體現(xiàn),將信訪與地方政績(jī)考核掛鉤的政策,司法、行政復(fù)議等糾紛解決主渠道不暢引發(fā)的后果,歷史中直訴制度的傳統(tǒng)和影響等。 第五章為具體改革方案。在對(duì)信訪強(qiáng)化論、弱化論、折中論進(jìn)行介紹后,筆者表明了自己的觀點(diǎn)——暫時(shí)保留并有意弱化。之后,筆者建議從對(duì)司法進(jìn)行適當(dāng)調(diào)整,沖破“維穩(wěn)”與政績(jī)的桎梏,使信訪與其他渠道有效銜接,規(guī)范信訪終結(jié)制度、回訪制度,加強(qiáng)信訪人的法治意識(shí)、法律理性,注重問(wèn)題在基層的解決等六個(gè)方面進(jìn)行改進(jìn),共同為信訪打造一個(gè)更加良好的環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:As a special means of civil political participation, dispute resolution and right relief, the system of letters and visits has a long history and profound social foundation in our country. Practice has proved that it plays an important role in resolving contradictions and stabilizing order. However, in recent years, the flood of letters and visits, the problems exposed in practice even led to the discussion of the system. On the basis of interest, the author chooses letters and visits as the theme of master's degree thesis. In order to find out the reasons behind the problems and find a feasible way out for letters and visits under the background of rule of law, the author tries to sort out the various phenomena in the system design and practical operation. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is a brief introduction of "letter and visit". This paper introduces the meaning and characteristics of letters and visits in a concise language, and explains the distinction between "letters and visits" and "petitions" in the article, as well as the use of vocabulary. In addition, it introduces the development process of the "letter and visit" system since the founding of the Party. The second chapter is the current situation of the system of letter and visit activities. Through the comparison of Article 41 of the Constitution, the new and old regulations on letters and visits, and the induction of all kinds of normative documents related to letters and visits, the author tries to describe the desirable state of the letter and visit system on the legal, regulatory and policy levels. The third chapter is about the problems in the practice of letters and visits. The author divides the participants in the game of letters and visits into three interest groups: the petitioner, the upper-level petition agency and the lower-level administrative organ. Through the investigation of the above three, the author finds out all kinds of defects and deficiencies in the practice of letters and visits. The fourth chapter is the cause of the malaise of the letter and visit system. Through the macro-analysis of the national policy, starting from the upper layer, starting from the source, the reasons behind the phenomenon are analyzed. For example, the central government's pressure of "maintaining stability" in letters and visits, the policy of linking letters and visits to the assessment of local political achievements, the consequences of the failure of the main channels for dispute resolution, such as judicial and administrative reconsideration, the tradition and influence of the direct appeal system in history, and so on. The fifth chapter is the concrete reform plan. After introducing the strengthening theory, the weakening theory and the compromise theory of letters and visits, the author makes his own point of view-temporary retention and intentional weakening. After that, the author suggests that the judicial system should be properly adjusted to break through the shackles of "maintaining stability" and political achievements, so that letters and visits can be effectively linked with other channels, the end system of letters and visits should be standardized, the system of return visits, and the awareness of the rule of law and the legal rationality of petitioners should be strengthened. Pay attention to solve the problems at the grass-roots level in six aspects to improve, together to create a better environment for letters and visits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D632.8

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 谷立國(guó);我國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期信訪制度的困境與改革[D];黑龍江省社會(huì)科學(xué)院;2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2436117