【摘要】： 近年來,低維納米材料因其獨特的光、電、磁、熱和力學性能及其在構建納米規(guī)模的電子器件、光電設備和傳感器等方面的應用而引起人們的廣泛關注。制備低維納米材料的方法種類繁多,微乳液法作為制備低維納米材料的一種有效的方法,因其比較容易控制納米粒子的尺寸,形貌以及表面形態(tài)而備受歡迎。這種方法中,由于反應過程中反應物分布不均而容易導致所得的納米粒子粒徑分布變寬。為了彌補這一不足同時獲得特殊形貌的納米材料,將微乳液與均勻沉淀或水熱相結合,即微乳均勻沉淀耦合法和水熱微乳法。 本文采用微乳均勻沉淀耦合法和水熱微乳法合成了Cu(OH)2、CuO、ZnO、DyF3、YF3等多種低維納米材料,初步實現(xiàn)了對所得產(chǎn)物的尺寸和形貌的調(diào)控。本論文研究的主要內(nèi)容如下： 以CTAB／正丁醇／環(huán)己烷／水為微乳體系,采用微乳均勻沉淀法制備了一維Cu(OH)2、CuO納米線和內(nèi)部具有孔洞結構的CuO納米棒。用XRD、SEM、TEM、TGA、FTIR對產(chǎn)物進行了表征,研究了水核比、反應物濃度、反應時間、反應溫度及陳化時間對產(chǎn)物尺寸和形貌的影響。系統(tǒng)地探討了反應機理,并用熱分析方法考察了不同形貌的CuO對高氯酸銨分解的催化作用。結果表明,所得的Cu(OH)2納米線的直徑為33-46 nm,長度為400-2000 nm,具有正交晶相結構。煅燒后所得的CuO的形貌沒有發(fā)生明顯的變化；CuO納米棒的直徑為40-110 nm,長度為800-3000 nm,具有單斜結構。加入CuO納米線后AP的高溫分解溫度降低了111.4℃,加入CuO納米棒后AP的高溫分解溫度降低了142.3℃。 以CTAB／正丁醇／正辛烷／水為微乳體系,采用微乳液法、微乳均勻沉法和水熱微乳法制備了ZnO納米粒子、納米棒、納米片和納米球。用XRD、SEM對產(chǎn)品進行了表征,詳細地探討了這三種方法對ZnO納米晶的形貌和分散性的影響。并考察了ZnO納米球的熒光性能。 以CTAB／正戊醇／環(huán)己烷／水為微乳體系,采用水熱微乳法制備了苦瓜狀的DyF3納米結構和可可狀的YF3納米結構。用XRD、SEM、TEM對產(chǎn)物進行了表征,研究了水核比、反應物濃度、反應時間、反應溫度對產(chǎn)物尺寸和形貌的影響。系統(tǒng)地探討了反應機理,并分析了Eu3+摻雜YF3的熒光性能。結果表明,所得的苦瓜狀的DyF3納米結構由納米粒子組裝而成,其平均長度為720 nm,具有正交晶相結構；所得的可可狀的YF3納米結構由納米片生長而成,其平均長度為867nm,具有正交晶相結構。YF3:Eu3+的發(fā)射光譜表明,Eu3+處于非對稱中心的格位上。
[Abstract]:In recent years, low-dimensional nanomaterials have attracted wide attention due to their unique optical, electrical, magnetic, thermal and mechanical properties and their applications in the construction of nano-scale electronic devices, optoelectronic devices and sensors. There are many kinds of methods to prepare low-dimensional nanomaterials. As an effective method to prepare low-dimensional nanomaterials, microemulsion method is very popular because of its easy to control the size, morphology and surface morphology of nano-particles. In this method, the particle size distribution of the nanoparticles is widened due to the uneven distribution of reactants in the reaction process. In order to make up for the shortage of nano-materials with special morphology, the microemulsion was combined with homogeneous precipitation or hydrothermal method, that is, the coupling method of homogeneous precipitation of microemulsion and hydrothermal microemulsion. In this paper, a variety of low-dimensional nanomaterials, such as Cu (OH) _ 2CuO _ 2O _ Dy _ F _ 3O _ 3Y _ F _ 3, were synthesized by the coupling method of homogeneous precipitation of microemulsion and hydrothermal microemulsion. The size and morphology of the obtained products were preliminarily controlled. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: using CTAB/ n-butanol / cyclohexane / water as microemulsion system, one-dimensional Cu (OH) _ 2 CuO nanowires and CuO nanorods with pore structure were prepared by microemulsion homogeneous precipitation method. The effects of water nucleation ratio, reactant concentration, reaction time, reaction temperature and aging time on the size and morphology of the product were studied by XRD,SEM,TEM,TGA,FTIR. The reaction mechanism was systematically discussed and the catalytic effect of CuO with different morphologies on the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate was investigated by thermal analysis. The results show that the diameter of Cu (OH) _ 2 nanowires is 33-46 nm, and the length is 400-2000 nm,. The morphology of calcined CuO has no obvious change, and the diameter of CuO nanorods is 40-110 nm, the length is 800-3000 nm, and the CuO nanorods have monoclinic structure. The high temperature decomposition temperature of AP decreased by 111.4 鈩，

本文編號：2346929