【摘要】： 本論文從制藥廢發(fā)酵青霉素菌絲體的資源化出發(fā),以制藥廠青霉素廢菌絲體為原料,研究了菌絲體的理化特性,采用化學(xué)法制備活性炭,提出了制藥廢菌絲體資源化的一種新的利用途徑。 前期研究了青霉素菌絲體的理化特性,實(shí)驗(yàn)采用重量法分析了廢菌絲體樣品的含水率、揮發(fā)分、灰分,用氧氮量熱分析儀分析了廢菌絲體樣品的熱值,用原子吸收、冷原子吸收等方法分析了其中的重金屬組成及含量,并用容量法氟硅酸鉀容量法、EDTA容量法、銅鹽回滴法等分析了菌絲體灰分中SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3、CaO、MgO的含量及組成。分析結(jié)果表明華北制藥廠菌絲體灰分小于10%,熱值為21130 kJ/kg,無(wú)機(jī)物含量(SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3、CaO、MgO)均低于10%;采用元素分析儀(Vario EL CUBE)檢測(cè)了C、H、O、N、S五種元素含量,青霉素菌絲碳含量高(一般在45%左右),其中含有大量有機(jī)物;采用高效液相色譜熒光檢測(cè)十五種多環(huán)芳香烴,低于國(guó)家危險(xiǎn)固體廢物鑒別標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定的多環(huán)芳香烴列入的物質(zhì)含量(GB 5085.6-2007)。制藥廠青霉素菌絲體可以滿足用于生產(chǎn)工業(yè)應(yīng)用活性炭的條件。 采用化學(xué)活化法,以ZnCl2為活化劑、廢菌絲體為原料制備粉末活性炭,研究活化工藝對(duì)制備的活性炭吸附性能、比表面積、產(chǎn)率的影響。通過(guò)對(duì)活化劑濃度、活化時(shí)間和活化溫度等工藝條件的研究表明,工藝條件對(duì)活性炭吸附性能、比表面積影響程度依次為:活化溫度活化劑濃度炭化時(shí)間固液比。 本研究通過(guò)熱重分析以及正交實(shí)驗(yàn)得到最佳制備菌絲體活性炭的工藝條件即活化溫度為500℃,炭化時(shí)間為2 h,ZnCl2濃度是20%,固液比為1:2,活化時(shí)間為0.5 h,制得活性炭的碘值范圍在682~700 mg·g-1之間,亞甲基藍(lán)吸附量為14.67~14.7 mg·g-1,比表面積為179 m2·g-1,活性炭的產(chǎn)率為15%~25%之間,。 實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,以微生物制藥青霉素廢菌絲體為主要原料制備活性炭,不僅解決了大量廢菌絲體處理的難題,而且生產(chǎn)出性能較好的活性炭,體現(xiàn)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)提倡的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式,構(gòu)建成一個(gè)“資源—產(chǎn)品—再生資源”的物質(zhì)反復(fù)循環(huán)流動(dòng)的過(guò)程,具有良好的環(huán)境效益和社會(huì)效益。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of penicillin waste mycelium from pharmaceutical factory were studied, and activated carbon was prepared by chemical method. A new way of utilization of waste mycelium was put forward. The physicochemical properties of penicillin mycelia were studied in the early stage. The moisture content, volatile matter, ash content of waste mycelium samples were analyzed by gravimetric method, the calorific value of waste mycelia samples was analyzed by oxygen and nitrogen calorimetry, and atomic absorption was used. The composition and content of heavy metals were analyzed by cold atomic absorption spectrometry. The content and composition of SiO2,Fe2O3,Al2O3,CaO,MgO in the ash of mycelia were analyzed by volumetric potassium fluorosilicate volumetric method and copper salt back drop method. The results showed that the ash content of mycelia in North China Pharmaceutical Factory was less than 10, and the calorific value of 21130 kJ/kg, inorganic matter content (SiO2,Fe2O3,Al2O3,CaO,MgO) was lower than 10%. Penicillin mycelium has a high carbon content (usually around 45%), which contains a large amount of organic matter. Fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Below the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (GB 5085.6-2007) specified in the national standard for the identification of hazardous solid wastes. Penicillin mycelium in pharmaceutical factory can meet the conditions of industrial application of activated carbon. The activated carbon powder was prepared by chemical activation method with ZnCl2 as activator and waste mycelia as raw material. The effects of activation process on adsorption performance, specific surface area and yield of activated carbon were studied. Through the study of activation agent concentration, activation time and activation temperature, it is shown that the influence of the process conditions on the adsorption performance and specific surface area of activated carbon is as follows: activation temperature activator concentration carbonization time solid-liquid ratio. Through thermogravimetric analysis and orthogonal experiment, the optimum technological conditions for preparation of mycelial activated carbon were obtained, that is, the activation temperature was 500 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2234573