新時期中國經(jīng)濟民主進程中的美國因素
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-10 09:27
【摘要】： 經(jīng)濟民主問題一直是影響美國對華經(jīng)貿(mào)政策的重要因素。中美建交以來,美國國內(nèi)圍繞中國最惠國待遇的年度審議以及長達數(shù)十年之久的中美WTO談判,乃至當(dāng)前美國對中國市場經(jīng)濟地位的否認,其主要根源之一即在美國認為中國“經(jīng)濟民主水平”不達標(biāo)。在美國看來,建立在生產(chǎn)資料公有制基礎(chǔ)上的中國社會主義經(jīng)濟民主,不符合其所倡導(dǎo)的以私有化和自由化為核心的新自由主義經(jīng)濟模式。借助經(jīng)濟民主問題影響對華經(jīng)貿(mào)政策,已成為美國對華戰(zhàn)略的重要組成部分。本文旨在深入剖析經(jīng)濟民主問題的實質(zhì)及美國對華經(jīng)貿(mào)政策的走向,就美國因素與中國經(jīng)濟民主進程進行關(guān)聯(lián)性分析,并對中國新時期經(jīng)濟民主建設(shè)過程中如何應(yīng)對美國的挑戰(zhàn)提出政策性思考。 論文共分六章。第一章在明確界定經(jīng)濟民主內(nèi)涵的前提下,總結(jié)回顧了西方學(xué)者對經(jīng)濟民主的理論探索,他們提出的“工人參與企業(yè)管理、突出民主原則在社會經(jīng)濟制度構(gòu)筑中的重要性”等一些基本理念對于社會主義經(jīng)濟體制的完善具有借鑒和參考價值。但西方經(jīng)濟民主理論因始終未脫離資本主義生產(chǎn)資料私有制的窠臼,并與社會實踐相脫離,作為一種純理論主張,顯然具有一定空想性。以此為鋪墊,本文深入探討了指導(dǎo)新時期中國經(jīng)濟民主建設(shè)的理論航標(biāo)——鄧小平經(jīng)濟民主思想,并概括總結(jié)了新的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體對鄧小平經(jīng)濟民主思想的繼承、豐富和發(fā)展。 第二章分析了鄧小平經(jīng)濟民主思想與新時期中國經(jīng)濟民主進程的密切關(guān)聯(lián),以及對于建立和完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制的重大作用。在此基礎(chǔ)上,歸納概括了新時期中國經(jīng)濟民主建設(shè)所取得的成就及存在的問題。其中成就包括:實現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟管理體制和管理方式的民主變革,具體表現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)管理的民主化、價格管理的民主化、貿(mào)易體制管理的民主化、國有企業(yè)管理的民主化;通過三次修憲和《物權(quán)法》、《反壟斷法》、《勞動合同法》等相關(guān)法律的頒布實施,確立了各種市場主體的平等地位,經(jīng)濟民主法律保障體系基本建立起來;經(jīng)濟民主所內(nèi)含的自由、平等和參與意識逐漸深入人心,公眾民主意識大幅度提升。問題主要有:政府職能與經(jīng)濟民主發(fā)展新階段的要求還存在一定差距;壟斷領(lǐng)域改革的相對滯后;社會信用體系的殘缺不全;計劃經(jīng)濟體制下形成的傳統(tǒng)觀念和行為方式仍然有著較強的慣性等,這些都對經(jīng)濟民主的發(fā)展造成巨大阻力。從發(fā)展的角度來講,中國經(jīng)濟民主進程的全面完成是一個綜合性的工程。從改革的角度來講,建設(shè)經(jīng)濟民主仍然是一個艱巨的任務(wù)。 任何實踐成果都是一定歷史條件和現(xiàn)實條件的產(chǎn)物,離不開相應(yīng)的時代背景。中國經(jīng)濟民主進程不僅受制于國內(nèi)因素,也與國際環(huán)境息息相關(guān)。其中,美國——當(dāng)今世界上唯一的超級大國,是對中國經(jīng)濟民主進程影響最直接和最大的外部因素。以推進西方民主為全球戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的美國,一直以來對中國民主現(xiàn)狀存在偏見;隨著中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的日趨緊密,主張新自由主義經(jīng)濟模式的美國更是對中國的經(jīng)濟民主現(xiàn)狀屢屢發(fā)出微詞,以實現(xiàn)其與中國進行經(jīng)貿(mào)往來時的利益最大化。在這種錯誤理念的暗示下,美國各階層雖然可以部分認識到中國經(jīng)濟民主建設(shè)所取得的進步,但更大程度上他們關(guān)注的是中國經(jīng)濟民主所存在的問題,并將這些問題擴大化,進而對中國經(jīng)濟民主現(xiàn)狀形成種種錯誤的認知。此為論文第三章所要研究的主要內(nèi)容。 在總結(jié)美國對華經(jīng)濟民主狀況認知的基礎(chǔ)上,論文第四章從政治、文化、經(jīng)濟、戰(zhàn)略等幾大層面分析了美國介入中國經(jīng)濟民主進程的深層次根源。在此基礎(chǔ)上,論文第五章歸納概括了美國給中國經(jīng)濟民主進程所帶來的正負影響:一方面,在意識形態(tài)差異和主導(dǎo)權(quán)之爭的雙重作用下,美國通過對華輸出民主和鼓吹新自由主義,給中國經(jīng)濟民主進程帶來了極大的消極影響。另一方面,美國在政府經(jīng)濟管理體制、企業(yè)管理文化、反壟斷立法等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)驗卻非常值得中國借鑒,加之新時期中美經(jīng)濟的相互開放和彼此滲透又有助于增強中國市場主體的經(jīng)濟民主意識,這對于加速推進中國的經(jīng)濟民主進程意義重大,可稱之為美國所帶來的積極影響。此外,本章結(jié)合中美WTO談判,重點分析了美國因素在中國加入世界貿(mào)易組織過程中的作用。以此作為案例,主要是因為中國的整個入世過程其實也是經(jīng)濟民主建設(shè)取得飛速進展的過程,而中美雙方在談判過程中的討價還價也正是美國對中國經(jīng)濟民主進程施加影響的一個折射。 第六章,中國經(jīng)濟民主進程中的對美戰(zhàn)略。美國對中國經(jīng)濟民主進程所產(chǎn)生的正負雙重影響,使其不可避免地成為最重要的外部因素。如何應(yīng)對新時期美國對中國經(jīng)濟民主進程的介入及影響,是本章討論的核心議題。 結(jié)論,論文在總結(jié)以上研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,概括分析了經(jīng)濟民主問題對未來中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的影響,并對中美在中國經(jīng)濟民主建設(shè)上的合作潛力及限度進行了展望,為中國如何利用美國的積極影響、化解消極影響及促進中國經(jīng)濟民主建設(shè)與中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的良性互動提供了一些政策性建議:如繼續(xù)堅持走中國特色的經(jīng)濟民主之路;積極開展對美經(jīng)濟外交,促進中美經(jīng)濟良性互動;利用美國對華經(jīng)貿(mào)政策中的積極因素,力促中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系走向機制化等。唯有如此,才能為中國的經(jīng)濟民主建設(shè)創(chuàng)造一個有利的外部環(huán)境,抓住機遇,以推進中國的經(jīng)濟民主進程更好更快地發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The issue of economic democracy has always been an important factor affecting US economic and trade policy toward China.Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, the annual review of China's most-favored-nation treatment in the United States, the decades-long negotiations between China and the United States on the WTO, and even the denial of China's market economic status by the United States at present, one of the main reasons is that the United States considers China's "economy" In the view of the United States, China's socialist economic democracy based on the public ownership of the means of production is not in conformity with the neo-liberal economic model advocated by the United States, whose core is Privatization and liberalization. This paper aims to analyze the essence of economic democracy and the trend of American economic and trade policy toward China, analyze the correlation between American factors and the process of economic democracy in China, and put forward policy thinking on how to deal with the challenges of the United States in the process of economic democracy construction in the new period.
Chapter One, on the premise of defining the connotation of economic democracy, summarizes and reviews the theoretical exploration of economic democracy by Western scholars. Some basic concepts, such as "workers participating in enterprise management, highlighting the importance of democratic principles in the construction of social and economic systems", have been put forward for the perfection of socialist economic system. However, as a pure theoretical proposition, the western economic democracy theory, which has not been separated from the capitalist private ownership of the means of production and social practice, obviously has certain fantasy. Deng Xiaoping's economic democracy thought, and summarizes the new leading group's inheritance, enrichment and development of Deng Xiaoping's economic democracy thought.
The second chapter analyzes the close relationship between Deng Xiaoping's economic democracy thought and the process of China's economic democracy in the new period and its important role in establishing and perfecting the socialist market economic system. Democratization of production management, price management, trade system management and state-owned enterprise management are the concrete manifestations of the democratic reform of economic management system and management mode. Through three amendments to the Constitution and the promulgation and implementation of relevant laws such as Property Law, Antitrust Law and Labor Contract Law, various market subjects have been established. The legal guarantee system of economic democracy has been basically established, and the consciousness of freedom, equality and participation in economic democracy has gradually penetrated the hearts of the people, and the public's democratic consciousness has been greatly enhanced. The incompleteness of the credit system, the strong inertia of the traditional concepts and behavior formed under the planned economic system, all of which have caused great resistance to the development of economic democracy. Democracy is still a difficult task.
Any practical achievement is the product of certain historical and realistic conditions and can not be separated from the corresponding background of the times. The process of China's economic democracy is not only subject to domestic factors, but also closely related to the international environment. The United States, with the promotion of Western democracy as its global strategic objective, has always been prejudiced against China's democratic status quo; with the increasingly close economic and trade relations between China and the United States, the United States, which advocates a neo-liberal economic model, has repeatedly disputed China's economic and democratic status quo, in order to realize its economic and trade interests with China. Under the implication of this misconception, although all strata in the United States can partly recognize the progress made in the construction of China's economic democracy, to a greater extent they are concerned about the problems existing in China's economic democracy, and expand these problems, thus forming a variety of mistaken perceptions of the current situation of China's economic democracy. The main contents of the third chapter are as follows.
On the basis of summing up the American understanding of China's economic democracy, the fourth chapter analyzes the deep roots of the US involvement in the process of China's economic democracy from the aspects of politics, culture, economy and strategy. Under the dual effects of ideological differences and the controversy over dominance, the United States has brought great negative impacts on the process of China's economic democracy by exporting democracy to China and advocating neo-liberalism. On the other hand, the experience of the United States in government economic management system, enterprise management culture, anti-monopoly legislation and other related fields is worth borrowing from China. In addition, the mutual opening and infiltration of the Sino-US economy in the new period will help to enhance the economic democracy consciousness of the main body of the Chinese market, which is of great significance for accelerating the process of economic democracy in China and can be called the positive impact brought by the United States. In addition, this chapter, combined with the Sino-US WTO negotiations, focuses on the analysis of the United States factors in China and Canada. This is mainly because the whole process of China's accession to the WTO is also a process of rapid progress in economic democracy construction, and the bargaining between China and the United States in the negotiation process is also a reflection of the influence of the United States on China's economic democracy process.
Chapter Six, the US strategy in the process of China's economic democracy. The US has both positive and negative impacts on China's economic democracy, which inevitably makes it the most important external factor.
Conclusion: On the basis of summing up the above research results, the paper summarizes and analyzes the impact of economic democracy on Sino-US economic and trade relations in the future, and looks forward to the potential and limitations of Sino-US cooperation in China's economic and democratic construction, so as to help China make use of the positive influence of the United States, resolve the negative influence and promote China's economic and democratic construction. The benign interaction between China and the United States in economic and trade relations provides some policy suggestions, such as persisting in the road of economic democracy with Chinese characteristics, actively carrying out economic diplomacy with the United States to promote the benign interaction between China and the United States, and making use of the positive factors in the United States'economic and trade policies with China to promote the institutionalization of Sino-US economic and trade relations. China's economic democracy construction creates a favorable external environment and seizes the opportunity to promote China's economic democracy process to develop better and faster.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：F124
本文編號：2234045
[Abstract]:The issue of economic democracy has always been an important factor affecting US economic and trade policy toward China.Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, the annual review of China's most-favored-nation treatment in the United States, the decades-long negotiations between China and the United States on the WTO, and even the denial of China's market economic status by the United States at present, one of the main reasons is that the United States considers China's "economy" In the view of the United States, China's socialist economic democracy based on the public ownership of the means of production is not in conformity with the neo-liberal economic model advocated by the United States, whose core is Privatization and liberalization. This paper aims to analyze the essence of economic democracy and the trend of American economic and trade policy toward China, analyze the correlation between American factors and the process of economic democracy in China, and put forward policy thinking on how to deal with the challenges of the United States in the process of economic democracy construction in the new period.
Chapter One, on the premise of defining the connotation of economic democracy, summarizes and reviews the theoretical exploration of economic democracy by Western scholars. Some basic concepts, such as "workers participating in enterprise management, highlighting the importance of democratic principles in the construction of social and economic systems", have been put forward for the perfection of socialist economic system. However, as a pure theoretical proposition, the western economic democracy theory, which has not been separated from the capitalist private ownership of the means of production and social practice, obviously has certain fantasy. Deng Xiaoping's economic democracy thought, and summarizes the new leading group's inheritance, enrichment and development of Deng Xiaoping's economic democracy thought.
The second chapter analyzes the close relationship between Deng Xiaoping's economic democracy thought and the process of China's economic democracy in the new period and its important role in establishing and perfecting the socialist market economic system. Democratization of production management, price management, trade system management and state-owned enterprise management are the concrete manifestations of the democratic reform of economic management system and management mode. Through three amendments to the Constitution and the promulgation and implementation of relevant laws such as Property Law, Antitrust Law and Labor Contract Law, various market subjects have been established. The legal guarantee system of economic democracy has been basically established, and the consciousness of freedom, equality and participation in economic democracy has gradually penetrated the hearts of the people, and the public's democratic consciousness has been greatly enhanced. The incompleteness of the credit system, the strong inertia of the traditional concepts and behavior formed under the planned economic system, all of which have caused great resistance to the development of economic democracy. Democracy is still a difficult task.
Any practical achievement is the product of certain historical and realistic conditions and can not be separated from the corresponding background of the times. The process of China's economic democracy is not only subject to domestic factors, but also closely related to the international environment. The United States, with the promotion of Western democracy as its global strategic objective, has always been prejudiced against China's democratic status quo; with the increasingly close economic and trade relations between China and the United States, the United States, which advocates a neo-liberal economic model, has repeatedly disputed China's economic and democratic status quo, in order to realize its economic and trade interests with China. Under the implication of this misconception, although all strata in the United States can partly recognize the progress made in the construction of China's economic democracy, to a greater extent they are concerned about the problems existing in China's economic democracy, and expand these problems, thus forming a variety of mistaken perceptions of the current situation of China's economic democracy. The main contents of the third chapter are as follows.
On the basis of summing up the American understanding of China's economic democracy, the fourth chapter analyzes the deep roots of the US involvement in the process of China's economic democracy from the aspects of politics, culture, economy and strategy. Under the dual effects of ideological differences and the controversy over dominance, the United States has brought great negative impacts on the process of China's economic democracy by exporting democracy to China and advocating neo-liberalism. On the other hand, the experience of the United States in government economic management system, enterprise management culture, anti-monopoly legislation and other related fields is worth borrowing from China. In addition, the mutual opening and infiltration of the Sino-US economy in the new period will help to enhance the economic democracy consciousness of the main body of the Chinese market, which is of great significance for accelerating the process of economic democracy in China and can be called the positive impact brought by the United States. In addition, this chapter, combined with the Sino-US WTO negotiations, focuses on the analysis of the United States factors in China and Canada. This is mainly because the whole process of China's accession to the WTO is also a process of rapid progress in economic democracy construction, and the bargaining between China and the United States in the negotiation process is also a reflection of the influence of the United States on China's economic democracy process.
Chapter Six, the US strategy in the process of China's economic democracy. The US has both positive and negative impacts on China's economic democracy, which inevitably makes it the most important external factor.
Conclusion: On the basis of summing up the above research results, the paper summarizes and analyzes the impact of economic democracy on Sino-US economic and trade relations in the future, and looks forward to the potential and limitations of Sino-US cooperation in China's economic and democratic construction, so as to help China make use of the positive influence of the United States, resolve the negative influence and promote China's economic and democratic construction. The benign interaction between China and the United States in economic and trade relations provides some policy suggestions, such as persisting in the road of economic democracy with Chinese characteristics, actively carrying out economic diplomacy with the United States to promote the benign interaction between China and the United States, and making use of the positive factors in the United States'economic and trade policies with China to promote the institutionalization of Sino-US economic and trade relations. China's economic democracy construction creates a favorable external environment and seizes the opportunity to promote China's economic democracy process to develop better and faster.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：F124
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