【摘要】：隨著公民社會(huì)理論的提出,公民社會(huì)在世界范圍內(nèi)得到越來(lái)越多學(xué)者和官員的重視。在探討公民社會(huì)對(duì)民主政治的作用方面,大多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為公民社會(huì)能夠積極推進(jìn)民主政治的發(fā)展,一些政府官員就公民社會(huì)對(duì)國(guó)家權(quán)力的挑戰(zhàn)提出質(zhì)疑,也有部分學(xué)者就公民社會(huì)對(duì)民主政治的作用進(jìn)行了正反兩個(gè)方面的反思。 理性成熟的公民社會(huì)能夠積極推進(jìn)民主政治的發(fā)展,但在一定條件下公民社會(huì)也會(huì)對(duì)民主政治的發(fā)展形成阻礙,公民社會(huì)在民主政治推進(jìn)中的這種雙重作用無(wú)疑讓我們必須謹(jǐn)慎考量我國(guó)公民社會(huì)的發(fā)展取向。對(duì)于剛剛處于起步階段的中國(guó)公民社會(huì)來(lái)說(shuō),既然公民社會(huì)在民主政治推進(jìn)中表現(xiàn)出正負(fù)兩方面作用,因此,是否應(yīng)該支持公民社會(huì)在中國(guó)的發(fā)展就成為疑問(wèn)。 在我國(guó)公民社會(huì)的構(gòu)建方面,對(duì)于處于轉(zhuǎn)型期的中國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō),國(guó)家在公民社會(huì)的構(gòu)建中應(yīng)該發(fā)揮積極主導(dǎo)的作用,對(duì)公民社會(huì)的態(tài)度應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)為在支持中有效控制。在社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)層面,培養(yǎng)中間階層也是構(gòu)建公民社會(huì)的一個(gè)重要方面,只是在我國(guó)表現(xiàn)得更為特殊,中間階層的培養(yǎng)與公民社會(huì)的構(gòu)建具有共時(shí)性,因此,在目前兩者發(fā)展還極為不充分的條件下,有效地宏觀把握對(duì)兩者來(lái)說(shuō)都是必不可少的,中間階層的培養(yǎng)將會(huì)對(duì)公民社會(huì)的完善發(fā)揮積極的作用。在微觀層面,無(wú)論是公民社會(huì)組織還是公民自身,都要進(jìn)行不斷的完善,從而為構(gòu)建成熟的公民社會(huì)創(chuàng)造必要的條件。 總的來(lái)看,本文的構(gòu)思方面,在就公民社會(huì)對(duì)民主政治的正面作用進(jìn)行總結(jié)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,特別突出闡述了公民社會(huì)對(duì)民主政治的負(fù)面效應(yīng),主要表現(xiàn)為國(guó)家控制力的弱化、組織間的無(wú)序競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、政治參與的失衡、公共利益的損害等,并從國(guó)家、社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)、公民社會(huì)組織、公民等四個(gè)層面對(duì)產(chǎn)生公民社會(huì)負(fù)面效應(yīng)的原因進(jìn)行了探析。在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)而引申出支持中國(guó)公民社會(huì)發(fā)展的考證,隨后重點(diǎn)從宏觀和微觀兩個(gè)角度對(duì)構(gòu)建有助于我國(guó)民主政治發(fā)展的公民社會(huì)進(jìn)行了闡釋。具體包括國(guó)家在支持中有效控制、推進(jìn)“橄欖型社會(huì)"的構(gòu)建、加強(qiáng)公民社會(huì)組織的自身建設(shè)、提高公民的政治素養(yǎng)和參與能力等。
[Abstract]:With the development of civil society theory, civil society has been paid more and more attention by scholars and officials all over the world. In discussing the role of civil society in democratic politics, most scholars believe that civil society can actively promote the development of democratic politics, and some government officials have questioned the challenge of civil society to the power of the State. Some scholars also reflect on the role of civil society in democracy. A rational and mature civil society can actively promote the development of democratic politics, but under certain conditions, civil society will also hinder the development of democratic politics. The dual role of civil society in the promotion of democratic politics undoubtedly makes us carefully consider the development orientation of civil society in our country. For China's civil society, which is just in its infancy, since civil society plays a positive and negative role in the advancement of democratic politics, it is doubtful whether we should support the development of civil society in China. In the construction of civil society in China, for China in the transition period, the state should play an active leading role in the construction of civil society, and the attitude towards civil society should be effectively controlled in support. At the level of social structure, cultivating middle class is also an important aspect of constructing civil society, but it is more special in our country. The cultivation of middle class is synchronic with the construction of civil society. Under the condition that the development of both is not enough at present, it is necessary for both to grasp the macroscopic effectively, and the cultivation of middle class will play an active role in the perfection of civil society. At the micro level, both civil society organizations and citizens themselves should be constantly perfected, thus creating the necessary conditions for the construction of a mature civil society. In general, on the basis of summarizing and analyzing the positive effect of civil society on democratic politics, the negative effects of civil society on democratic politics are highlighted, which are mainly reflected in the weakening of state control. The disordered competition among organizations, the imbalance of political participation, the damage of public interest and so on. The causes of the negative effects of civil society are analyzed from four aspects: the state, the social structure, the civil society organization and the citizen. On the basis of this, the author extends the textual research to support the development of Chinese civil society, and then explains the construction of civil society which is conducive to the development of democratic politics in China from the macro and micro perspectives. It includes the effective control of the state in the support, the promotion of the construction of the "olive society", the strengthening of the self-construction of the civil society organizations, and the improvement of the citizens' political literacy and participation ability, etc.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D621

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