【摘要】：我國是一個(gè)多民族國家,各民族在長期的歷史發(fā)展過程中都創(chuàng)造和沉淀了具有本民族特色的民族文化,包括以民族習(xí)慣法為主的獨(dú)特的法文化。中國少數(shù)民族習(xí)慣法作為習(xí)慣法的重要組成部分,是我國廣大少數(shù)民族在多年來的生產(chǎn)生活實(shí)踐中逐漸形成,并不斷發(fā)展而為本民族成員所信奉和遵守的一種行為規(guī)范。少數(shù)民族習(xí)慣法是中國習(xí)慣法體系的重要組成部分,是中國習(xí)慣法體系中內(nèi)容最豐富、影響最大的一種習(xí)慣法,它對(duì)當(dāng)今廣大少數(shù)民族地區(qū)仍有重大影響,在少數(shù)民族生活的方方面面發(fā)揮著調(diào)整規(guī)范的作用。 在當(dāng)代中國社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型變革的大背景下,建設(shè)行政法治國家是一個(gè)長遠(yuǎn)的目標(biāo)。行政法治強(qiáng)調(diào)以法律作為治理國家的根本制度和原則,即依法辦事、依法治國,它是法治在行政領(lǐng)域的具體化,是依法治國基本方略在行政領(lǐng)域的具體體現(xiàn)和運(yùn)用,它涵蓋了對(duì)行政法律關(guān)系所有主體的要求,行政主體“依法行政”和監(jiān)督行政主體“依法監(jiān)督行政”都是行政法治不可或缺的組成部分。不可否認(rèn)的是,今天的行政法治建設(shè)多半關(guān)注西方法律文明的移植,而未能有效的將我國少數(shù)民族習(xí)慣法這些本土因素加以糅合和運(yùn)用。 少數(shù)民族習(xí)慣法貼近少數(shù)民族成員的日常生活,歷經(jīng)歷史長河的洗禮已經(jīng)滲透到市民社會(huì)的每個(gè)角落,為民族社會(huì)成員所普遍接受和認(rèn)同。盡管少數(shù)民族習(xí)慣法中也存在不少落后消極的因素,但是它通過多年歷史過程的累積,也自有其存在的意義。少數(shù)民族習(xí)慣法通過一定的表現(xiàn)形式和一定力量的執(zhí)行保證,為所有成員樹立了一個(gè)判斷和衡量自身以及他人行為是否適當(dāng)?shù)呐卸?biāo)準(zhǔn)和行為模式,起到法律所特有的指引、評(píng)價(jià)、預(yù)測(cè)和教育作用,從而進(jìn)一步了強(qiáng)化他們作為社會(huì)一員的角色意識(shí)。以村寨管理習(xí)慣法,婚俗習(xí)慣法和宗教習(xí)慣法為主要內(nèi)容的少數(shù)民族習(xí)慣法,對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐男姓ㄖ谓ㄔO(shè)具有很大影響,但它作為一種有效的補(bǔ)救手段和協(xié)調(diào)方式也在一定時(shí)期和一定范圍內(nèi)彌補(bǔ)了國家制定法控制機(jī)制的不足,與國家制定法一起在維護(hù)民族利益和秩序,促進(jìn)文化傳承與發(fā)展方面起著積極有效的作用。我們可以借用有關(guān)“村規(guī)民約”的載體作用,在立法上進(jìn)行吸收,確立行政執(zhí)法中有關(guān)少數(shù)民族習(xí)慣法的適用規(guī)則,在行政司法中有效利用調(diào)解這一解決糾紛的手段,在建設(shè)地方行政監(jiān)督體制的時(shí)候借鑒某些民族習(xí)慣法的做法成立有關(guān)解決糾紛的調(diào)解制度和仲裁制度,形成處理民族糾紛的調(diào)解、仲裁、訴訟三種制度的結(jié)合,進(jìn)一步完善民族自治地方的行政監(jiān)督機(jī)制,從而保障我國民族自治地方行政法治建設(shè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。 推進(jìn)行政法治建設(shè),要在充分發(fā)揮國家制定法與少數(shù)民族習(xí)慣法在各自領(lǐng)域的獨(dú)特作用的同時(shí),更要有效利用兩者的融合與發(fā)展,二者是相輔相成的,我們不能也不可能說完全發(fā)展這一個(gè)而排斥另外一個(gè),推進(jìn)民族自治地方的行政法治建設(shè),揚(yáng)棄的繼承和借鑒少數(shù)民族習(xí)慣法的智慧,其價(jià)值不可忽視。
[Abstract]:China is a multi-ethnic country, and all ethnic groups have created and precipitated their own national culture in the course of long-term historical development, including the unique legal culture dominated by national customary law. The customary law of ethnic minorities is an important part of the Chinese customary law system and the most abundant and influential customary law in the Chinese customary law system. It still has a great influence on the vast minority areas today. Play a role of adjustment and standardization in all aspects of the life of ethnic minorities.
Under the background of social transformation and transformation in contemporary China, the construction of an administrative country ruled by law is a long-term goal. The administrative rule of law emphasizes the basic system and principle of governing the country by law, that is, to act according to law and govern the country by law. It is the concretization of the rule of law in the administrative field and the embodiment of the basic strategy of governing the country by law in the administrative field. It covers the requirements of all subjects in the administrative legal relationship. Both the administrative subject "administering according to law" and the supervisory administrative subject "supervising administration according to law" are indispensable parts of the administrative rule of law. These local factors of ethnic minority customary law are blended and applied.
The customary law of minority nationalities is close to the daily life of the members of minority nationalities. It has penetrated into every corner of the civil society through the baptism of long history and has been generally accepted and recognized by the members of the national society. Ethnic Minority Customary Law, through a certain form of expression and a certain strength of the implementation of the guarantee, for all members to establish a judge and measure their own and other people's behavior is appropriate judgment standards and behavior patterns, play a unique role in the law of guidance, evaluation, prediction and education, thus further strengthening them. As a member of the society, the customary law of minority nationalities, whose main contents are customary law of village management, customary law of marriage and customary law of religion, has a great influence on the construction of local administrative rule of law, but as an effective means of remedy and coordination, it also makes up for the state's statutory control in a certain period and scope. The deficiency of the system mechanism, together with the state statute law, plays an active and effective role in safeguarding national interests and order, promoting cultural heritage and development. In order to further improve the administrative supervision in ethnic autonomous areas, the mediation system and arbitration system concerning the settlement of disputes should be established by effectively using mediation as a means of settling disputes and drawing lessons from the practices of some ethnic customary laws in the construction of the local administrative supervision system. Mechanism, so as to safeguard the further development of administrative rule of law in our national autonomous areas.
To promote the construction of administrative rule of law, we must give full play to the unique role of state statute law and customary law of ethnic minorities in their respective fields, and at the same time, we must make more effective use of their integration and development. The two complement each other. We can not and can not say that the complete development of one and exclusion of the other, promote the administrative rule of law in ethnic autonomous areas. The value of building and abandoning inherit and draw lessons from the wisdom of the customary law of minority nationalities can not be ignored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D920.4;D922.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 宋玉潔;論習(xí)慣在司法中的適用[D];鄭州大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2182671