本文選題：超重力共沉淀 + 醛加氫　； 參考：《東北石油大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：丁醇和辛醇是重要的有機化工原料和化學(xué)助劑,主要用于制造增塑劑,廣泛用于各種塑料和橡膠制品中,通過丁醛、辛烯醛加氫制得。 醛加氫反應(yīng)是丁、辛醇生產(chǎn)過程中的關(guān)鍵過程之一,決定丁、辛醇產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和收率。醛加氫反應(yīng)根據(jù)使用的催化劑和進料狀態(tài)不同被分為液相法和氣相法。液相法采用鎳系催化劑,反應(yīng)器為填充床;氣相法采用銅基催化劑,反應(yīng)器為列管式固定床。氣相法因反應(yīng)壓力低、工藝設(shè)備簡單而被廣泛使用,國內(nèi)引進的丁辛醇裝置大部分采用氣相法。目前,使用的氣相醛加氫催化劑主要是銅鋅催化劑。 銅鋅催化劑的活性與活性組分銅的分散度成線性關(guān)系,提高催化劑中活性組分銅的分散度有利于提高催化劑的加氫活性及加氫選擇性。銅鋅催化劑一般采用共沉淀法制備,在攪拌釜中完成共沉淀反應(yīng)。傳統(tǒng)攪拌釜由于結(jié)構(gòu)上的限制,導(dǎo)致微觀混合不均勻,而且共沉淀反應(yīng)和老化反應(yīng)在同一反應(yīng)器內(nèi)進行,晶體生長過程中的過飽和度不均勻,導(dǎo)致制備的催化劑中晶粒度不均一、晶粒度大,活性組分的分散度不高。 本文采用超重力共沉淀法制備氣相醛加氫用銅鋅催化劑,共沉淀反應(yīng)在極大強化了相間傳質(zhì)過程的超重力環(huán)境下進行,實現(xiàn)微觀混合均勻,共沉淀產(chǎn)物及時移出反應(yīng)體系,老化反應(yīng)在完全的宏觀混合區(qū)完成,制備的催化劑晶粒度小、大小均勻,有效地提高了活性組分的分散度。 分析了超重力共沉淀法制備催化劑的影響因素,優(yōu)化了催化劑制備工藝條件,并對制備的催化劑進行系統(tǒng)表征。在300ml加氫評價裝置上進行了催化劑加氫評價試驗,以大慶石化丁醛和辛烯醛為原料,在反應(yīng)壓力0.45MPa、熱點溫度180～200℃、體積空速0.4h~(-1)、氫醛體積比8000:1的工藝條件下,丁醛/辛烯醛轉(zhuǎn)化率大于99.5%,丁醇/辛醇選擇性大于99.0%,催化劑表現(xiàn)出良好的加氫活性和加氫選擇性。
[Abstract]:Butanol and octanol are important organic chemical raw materials and chemical auxiliaries, mainly used in the manufacture of plasticizers, widely used in various plastics and rubber products, through hydrogenation of butyral and octenaldehyde. Aldehyde hydrogenation is one of the key processes in the production of butadiene and octanol, which determines the quality and yield of butadiene and octanol. The hydrogenation of aldehydes can be divided into liquid phase method and gas phase method according to the catalyst and feed state used. Nickel catalyst was used in liquid phase method with packed bed in reactor, and copper based catalyst was used in gas phase method, and the reactor was tubular fixed bed. Gas phase method is widely used because of its low reaction pressure and simple process equipment. At present, the gas phase aldehyde hydrogenation catalyst is mainly copper zinc catalyst. There is a linear relationship between the activity of Cu-Zn catalyst and the dispersion of active component copper. Increasing the dispersion of active component copper in the catalyst is beneficial to improve the hydrogenation activity and hydrogenation selectivity of the catalyst. Copper and zinc catalysts are prepared by coprecipitation method and coprecipitated reaction is completed in agitator. Because of the structural limitation of the traditional agitator, the microcosmic mixing is not uniform, and the coprecipitation reaction and the aging reaction are carried out in the same reactor, and the supersaturation in the crystal growth process is not uniform. As a result, the prepared catalyst is characterized by heterogeneous grain size, large grain size and low dispersion of active components. In this paper, copper and zinc catalysts for gas phase aldehyde hydrogenation were prepared by using high gravity coprecipitation method. The coprecipitation reaction was carried out in a hypergravity environment which greatly strengthened the mass transfer process between phases. The microcosmic mixing was achieved, and the coprecipitation products moved out of the reaction system in time. The aging reaction was completed in the complete macroscopical mixing region. The prepared catalyst was of small grain size and uniform size, which effectively increased the dispersity of the active components. The factors affecting the preparation of catalysts by hypergravity coprecipitation were analyzed, the preparation conditions of catalysts were optimized, and the prepared catalysts were systematically characterized. The catalyst hydrogenation evaluation test was carried out in the 300ml hydrogenation evaluation unit. Under the conditions of reaction pressure of 0.45 MPa, hot spot temperature of 180 ~ 200 鈩，

本文編號：1885827