本文選題：自媒體　切入點：微博問政　出處：《東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：微博問政是信息化時代背景下政治民主的一種世界性新型社會實踐。微博的出現(xiàn)標志著自媒體時代的到來,徹底改變了過去由傳統(tǒng)媒介掌控政壇輿論的格局,給政府帶來了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。然而,面對這一新型輿論格局,國內(nèi)學(xué)界并沒有給予足夠的重視。正是在這一層面上,研究自媒體時代背景下的微博問政與政府應(yīng)對策略,不僅具有重大的理論價值,而且具有特別重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 文章的第一章是為導(dǎo)論部分,按照“問題意識”的指引,著力于探討我國微博問政的時代背景、研究價值。文章在界定了一些重要概念的基礎(chǔ)上,比較分析了國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究現(xiàn)狀,指出受學(xué)術(shù)傳統(tǒng)差距、政治民主機制等多重因素的影響,我國有關(guān)研究與外國發(fā)達國家存在較大差距。 文章的第二章主要討論了微博問政場域下我國政府面臨的新危機及其原因。首先,文章通過實證分析,指出話語權(quán)異位是微博問政成為挑戰(zhàn)我國政府管理的直接原因。其次,文章分別指出,表達制度之立法缺陷是微博問政導(dǎo)致危機產(chǎn)生的立法原因；權(quán)力運行失范是其政治原因；公民參與不足是其行政原因；媒體引導(dǎo)不當(dāng)是其輿論原因。 文章的第三章從比較研究角度考察了西方國家應(yīng)對微博問政的策略。文章提出,對表達自由的立法規(guī)制是西方國家應(yīng)對微博問政的制度方案；通過司法寬容表達自由以保護微博問政,司法考量公共利益以節(jié)制微博問政,司法保護私人利益以防止微博問政侵權(quán),是西方國家節(jié)制微博問政的司法措施；通過政府微博、官員微博來發(fā)展政務(wù)微博,是其應(yīng)對微博問政的理性行動；而通過快速反應(yīng)、議程設(shè)置、媒介事件來推動媒體引導(dǎo),是其輿論策略。在這一部分的最后,文章將西方國家應(yīng)對微博問政的方略總結(jié)為四點經(jīng)驗：以政治民主占領(lǐng)道德制高點；以法治治理為內(nèi)在規(guī)則；以官民互動為行動邏輯；以輿論引導(dǎo)為媒體手段。 從文章的第四章開始,論文致力于構(gòu)建我國政府回應(yīng)微博問政的相關(guān)策略。在這一章中,文章提出政府應(yīng)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)變理念,以治理理念打破“圍墻政治”,通過行政民主占據(jù)輿論正當(dāng)性制高點；以行政分權(quán)、公共產(chǎn)品民營化實現(xiàn)“去中心化”,重建政府權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)；以公民參與來重整政府治理網(wǎng)絡(luò),規(guī)范政府行為。最終編織成一道監(jiān)督法網(wǎng),實現(xiàn)對各級行政機關(guān)、行政機構(gòu)、行政官員、行政行為的監(jiān)督,贏得廣大群眾對各級行政主體的信賴,從源頭上大大降低微博問政的可能性。 文章的第五章提出把法律規(guī)制作為政府應(yīng)對微博問政的立法策略。首先是完善輿論立法,即通過憲法、新聞法以及相關(guān)配套法律制度的完善,來打造政府應(yīng)對微博問政的立法體系。其次從保護名譽權(quán)、保護隱私權(quán)等間接法律手段,來實現(xiàn)政府應(yīng)對微博問政的策略目標。 文章的第六章把合理引導(dǎo)作為政府應(yīng)對微博問政的重要手段。文章主張建立電子政府,通過政務(wù)信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)言人制度、官員微博等措施來提高政府透明度,促進官民溝通,實現(xiàn)官民有效互動；主張以主流媒體掌控輿論之議程設(shè)置,來實現(xiàn)媒體對微博輿論的有效引導(dǎo)；主張以法院司法評價促使微博問政規(guī)范化、合法化。 最后,文章以“邁向自媒體時代的改革之路”為題,總結(jié)全文。文章認為,由于種種應(yīng)對措施的無效、乏力,導(dǎo)致當(dāng)前我國微博問政朝著不利于政府的方向發(fā)展。而要想改變此種不利局面,國家必須要以立體化、體系化與過程化的思維方式,在各個方面改革現(xiàn)有治理理念、制度體系、權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)和媒體運作,以迎接自媒體時代的挑戰(zhàn)。最終在進一步鞏固政府管理之正當(dāng)性與合法性基礎(chǔ)的同時,獲得民眾的信任,化解輿論危機。
[Abstract]:Micro-blog asked the government under the background of informationization of political democracy in a world of new social practice. Micro-blog marks the emergence of self media era, completely changed the traditional media public opinion by the control of political pattern, brings a great challenge to the government. However, in the face of this new pattern of public opinion, and domestic scholars do not give enough attention. It is at this level, media under the background of micro-blog politics and government strategy, not only has great theoretical value, but also has important realistic significance.
The first chapter is the introduction, in accordance with the "problem consciousness" guidelines, focusing on China's micro-blog politics background, research value. This article defines some important concepts based on the comparative analysis of related research at home and abroad, pointed out that the traditional academic gap, political democracy mechanism multiple factors, related studies in China and foreign countries there is a big gap.
The second chapter mainly discussed the crisis facing China's micro-blog asked the new government under the field and its reasons. First, through empirical analysis, pointed out that the right of discourse in politics is a challenge of ectopic micro-blog direct cause of our government management. Secondly, the article points out respectively, the expression system of legislative defects is micro-blog politics the legislation lead to the causes of the crisis; power anomie is the political reasons; lack of citizen participation is the administrative guidance of the media is the improper reasons; the reason the public opinion.
The third chapter examines the deal with micro-blog western politics strategy from the comparative study perspective. In this paper, the legislation of freedom of expression is to deal with micro-blog in western countries asked political system; through judicial tolerance of freedom of expression to protect micro-blog politics, judicial consideration of public interest to control micro-blog politics, judicial protection of private micro-blog asked the government to prevent the interests of infringement, the western countries control micro-blog politics through judicial measures; government officials to the development of micro-blog, micro-blog micro-blog, micro-blog is the rational action of politics; the agenda is arranged by the rapid reaction, and media events to promote the media guide, is the public opinion at the end of this strategy. A portion of the article will deal with micro-blog western political strategy summed up in four points: Taking the moral high ground to political democracy; the rule of law governance as the internal rules; the government and the people to each other Action is the logic of action; the media is guided by public opinion.
From the beginning of the fourth chapter, the thesis is committed to building China's relevant government policy response to micro-blog politics. In this chapter, the article proposed that the government should change the idea, to break the "wall of political governance, through democratic administration of public opinion to occupy the commanding heights; administrative decentralization, privatization of public products" to the center of the "reconstruction of government power structure; the citizen participation to reforming governance network, standardize government behavior. Finally woven into a net to realize the supervision, administrative organs, administrative institutions, administrative officials, supervision of administrative behavior, to win the broad masses of the administrative levels of trust, from the source to reduce micro-blog the possibility of politics.
The fifth chapter puts forward the legal regulation as the government should ask micro-blog legislative strategy. The first is to improve public administration legislation, through the constitution, perfect news law and related legal system, the government should ask micro-blog to build government legislation system. Secondly, from the protection of the right of reputation, privacy and other legal means to indirect. The government should ask micro-blog strategy target policy.
The sixth chapter put a reasonable guide as an important means of government to deal with micro-blog politics. The paper advocates the establishment of electronic government, through the information network, network spokesman system, micro-blog officials and other measures to improve government transparency, promote the communication between the public, government and the people to achieve effective interaction; advocated by the mainstream media to control the public opinion of the agenda setting. To achieve effective media to guide public opinion micro-blog advocated; judicial evaluation prompted micro-blog politics standardized and legalized.
Finally, taking the "towards the media since the era of reform of the road in the title, summary of the full text. The article argues that due to invalid, various response measures of the weak, resulting in current China micro-blog politics towards the direction of development is not conducive to the government. But in order to change the unfavorable situation, the country will need to three-dimensional system with the process of thinking, reform the existing concept of governance, in all aspects of the system, the power structure and operation of the media, since the media age to meet the challenge. In the end to further consolidate the legitimacy of the government management and legal basis at the same time, gain the trust of the people, to resolve the crisis of public opinion.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D621.5;G206

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