發(fā)布時間：2018-04-03 12:33

  本文選題：選舉制度　切入點：民主政治　出處：《吉林大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：1992年通過蒙古國新憲法指出:“構建人道、公民的民主社會是其崇高目標”,1而實現民主政治的基本形式是選舉。自1990年蒙古國首次舉行民主選舉開創(chuàng)選舉新時代,至今已經有26年時間,在此期間,舉行了7次國家大呼拉爾(以下簡稱議會)選舉、7次地方選舉、6次總統(tǒng)選舉、10次國家大呼拉爾補選。雖然在民主實踐中蒙古國的民主制度得到了長足發(fā)展,但也不能否認蒙古國民主選舉中存在的問題,本文對蒙古國歷屆大、小呼拉爾選舉和總統(tǒng)選舉的過程進行了多視角探究,重點分析國家大呼拉爾選舉過程中出現的變化以及得失,并進行了反思與總結。根據蒙古國選舉制度的形成與發(fā)展,可以劃分為1921-1940年、1940-1960年、1960年以后等幾個階段,2本文以時間座標為縱向脈絡,將蒙古國選舉制度的歷史沿革劃分為形成期與過渡期兩個歷史階段。1921年至1924年間進行了人民自己選擇國家機關和政府高層的最初嘗試,是奠定選舉制度雛形的階段。1924-1949年間,蒙古不是全民參選,而是按階級選舉�？梢园堰@一時期分成兩個分階段:第一階段為1924-1944年間,把部分公民的選舉權按階級成分區(qū)分的選舉。第二階段1944-1947年間,為全民選舉權在形式上得到保障的時期。蒙古選舉制度的過渡期,可以分成1949-1990年以及1990-1992年兩個歷史階段,其中,1949-1990年更新期的選舉制度,就其形式而言,轉入到全民、公平、直接、無記名投票渠道,但其選舉內容、性質、目標卻與自由選舉不同,變成了上級任命。蒙古國分別于1992、1996、2000、2004、2008、2012、2016年舉行了七次議會選舉,因其時代特點、經濟情況、黨派政策抉擇、社會氛圍、選舉制度、選舉法修改等影響因素不同而各具特色。同時,也因這些因素不同使得歷屆議會選舉呈現出各自的優(yōu)點和不足。該本文除對七次議會選舉的特征、差異、變化進行重點解析之外,試圖深刻剖析其優(yōu)點、不足以及導致的原因。蒙古國分別于1993、1997、2001、2005、2009、2013年舉行了六次總統(tǒng)選舉,其中,蒙古人民革命黨候選人獲勝的總統(tǒng)選舉為三次,民主黨候選人獲勝的選舉為三次。另外,每一屆總統(tǒng)選舉因當時時代、經濟、政治情況以及選民心理、黨派競選綱領不同而呈現出各自的特點。該本文除對六次總統(tǒng)選舉的特征、差異、變化進行重點解析之外,試圖深刻剖析其優(yōu)點、不足以及導致的原因。蒙古國組織民主選舉已經有26年時間,雖然一直奉行公正、自由、平等、秘密的民主基本原則,但發(fā)端于西方的選舉文明移植在東方游牧文明的土壤中,難免遭遇水土不服,期間經歷不斷試錯,修正,相關制度在本土化的過程中仍需要進一步反思與完善,這也正是本文著力研究的內容,以及致力于實現的學術目的。
[Abstract]:In 1992, through the new constitution of Mongolia, it was pointed out that "building a humane and democratic society of citizens is its lofty goal" and the basic form of realizing democratic politics is election.It has been 26 years since the first democratic elections were held in Mongolia in 1990, during which time,Held 7 national Great Hural (hereinafter referred to as Parliament) elections 7 local elections 6 presidential elections and 10 national Great Hural by-elections.Although the democratic system of Mongolia has made great progress in the practice of democracy, it can not be denied the problems existing in the democratic election of Mongolia. This paper probes into the process of the election of the Great and Little Hural and the President of Mongolia from various perspectives.This paper mainly analyzes the changes, gains and losses in the electoral process of the Great Hural, and makes a reflection and summary.According to the formation and development of the electoral system in Mongolia, it can be divided into several stages, such as from 1921 to 1940 to 1940-1960 and after 1960.The historical evolution of the electoral system in Mongolia is divided into two historical stages: the forming period and the transitional period. From 1921 to 1924, the initial attempt by the people to choose the state organs and the high levels of the government was the initial attempt to establish the rudimentary stage of the electoral system between 1924 and 1949.Mongolia is not a popular candidate, but by class.This period can be divided into two stages: the first stage is 1924-1944, the voting rights of some citizens according to class composition of the election.The second stage, 1944-1947, when the right to vote for all was formally guaranteed.The transitional period of the electoral system of Mongolia can be divided into two historical stages, 1949-1990 and 1990-1992. Among them, the electoral system of 1949-1990, more recently, was transferred to the popular, fair, direct and secret ballot channels in its form, but its election content,By nature, the goal, unlike free elections, has become a superior appointment.Mongolia held seven parliamentary elections in 1992 / 1996 / 2004 / 2008 / 2012 and 2016, respectively, with different characteristics due to the characteristics of the times, economic situation, party policy choices, social atmosphere, electoral system, electoral law revision and other factors.At the same time, because of these factors, successive parliamentary elections have their own advantages and disadvantages.In addition to the analysis of the characteristics, differences and changes of the seven parliamentary elections, this paper tries to deeply analyze its advantages, disadvantages and causes.Mongolia held six presidential elections in 1993 / 1997 / 2001 / 2005 / 2009, and in 2013, three presidential elections were held in which the candidates of the Mongolian people's Revolutionary Party won three presidential elections and the Democratic Party candidates won three times.In addition, each presidential election has its own characteristics because of the times, economic, political situation, voter psychology, party election platform.In addition to analyzing the characteristics, differences and changes of the six presidential elections, this paper tries to deeply analyze its advantages, disadvantages and causes.Mongolia has been organizing democratic elections for 26 years. Although it has been upholding the basic principles of justice, freedom, equality, and secret democracy, the electoral civilization that originated in the West has been transplanted into the soil of the nomadic civilization of the East.During the period of trial and error, revision, the relevant system in the process of localization still need to be further reflection and improvement, which is the content of this study, as well as committed to achieve the academic purpose.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D731.1
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本文編號：1705212