本文選題：民主　切入點(diǎn)：文化障礙　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：從辛亥革命推翻帝制到社會(huì)主義國(guó)家的建立,我國(guó)的民主建設(shè)已經(jīng)取得了很大的進(jìn)展。尤其是改革開(kāi)放以后,隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制逐漸確立并完善,我國(guó)民主建設(shè)也在不斷的向前推進(jìn):人民代表大會(huì)制度逐漸完善,人民主體地位得到提升;基層民主建設(shè)更是邁出了很大的步伐,海選、直選、競(jìng)選、差額選舉等措施在全國(guó)各地不同層次推行,并取得了不錯(cuò)的成績(jī)。但同時(shí),不斷曝出的政府干預(yù)選舉、選票買賣、賄選、暗箱操作、民眾參與質(zhì)量不高等問(wèn)題卻不能不啟發(fā)我們思考:構(gòu)成有效民主的深層因素是什么?縱觀世界,我們同樣面臨著這樣的困惑,新型的民主體制不能有效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),甚至出現(xiàn)民主崩潰現(xiàn)象,原因在哪里?這其中有經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治等諸方面的原因。本文則是從文化角度,通過(guò)文本與案例分析,對(duì)我國(guó)的民主障礙進(jìn)行分析和審視,希冀能為我國(guó)的民主發(fā)展提供一點(diǎn)理論與實(shí)踐借鑒。 本文在闡述兩種流行的民主概念——程序民主和實(shí)質(zhì)民主的文化合理性解釋之后,分析了民主與文化的關(guān)系,梳理了當(dāng)前學(xué)術(shù)界出現(xiàn)的儒家文化與民主關(guān)系的各種論點(diǎn),繼而著重論述了現(xiàn)階段影響我國(guó)民主建設(shè)的最重要的文化因素:法治精神缺失,主體意識(shí)淡薄,官僚文化依舊根深蒂固。關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)文化的現(xiàn)代性變革,學(xué)術(shù)界有很多的論述,筆者進(jìn)行了比較細(xì)致的總結(jié)并分析:內(nèi)源發(fā)展模式強(qiáng)調(diào)從傳統(tǒng)文化內(nèi)部尋求我國(guó)民主建設(shè)的依據(jù)。這種模式有強(qiáng)烈的文化主體與文化傳承意識(shí),但是過(guò)于片面強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)源發(fā)展,拒斥全球化影響無(wú)異于固步自封;傳統(tǒng)文化的創(chuàng)造性轉(zhuǎn)化模式,注意吸收國(guó)內(nèi)外的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性轉(zhuǎn)化,很符合當(dāng)前的文化發(fā)展路徑。但是這兩種文化轉(zhuǎn)化模式都片面強(qiáng)調(diào)文化與文化的對(duì)接,卻沒(méi)有注意到這種文化對(duì)接的現(xiàn)實(shí)可能。筆者更加贊成傳統(tǒng)文化的適應(yīng)性變革模式,這種模式強(qiáng)調(diào)立足實(shí)踐,通過(guò)現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制與民主政治體制的推進(jìn)來(lái)促進(jìn)文化的發(fā)展。在文章的最后一部分著重論述了兩點(diǎn):一是立足實(shí)踐,推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的改革;二是將價(jià)值觀的變革納入發(fā)展之中,倚重國(guó)家力量,通過(guò)教育的途徑實(shí)現(xiàn)先進(jìn)文化的內(nèi)化。
[Abstract]:From the Revolution of 1911 to the establishment of a socialist country, great progress has been made in the construction of democracy in China, especially after the reform and opening up, with the gradual establishment and improvement of the market economy system. China's democratic construction is also moving forward: the people's Congress system has been gradually improved, the people's dominant position has been upgraded, and the grass-roots democratic construction has made great strides, with auditions, direct elections, and elections. Differential elections and other measures have been carried out at different levels throughout the country, and have achieved good results. But at the same time, government interference in elections, vote trading, bribery and dark box operations have been constantly revealed. However, the question of the low quality of popular participation can not help but inspire us to think: what are the deep-seated factors that constitute effective democracy? Throughout the world, we are also faced with the confusion that new democratic institutions are not functioning effectively, and even the collapse of democracy. What is the reason? From the perspective of culture, through text and case analysis, this paper analyzes and examines the obstacles to democracy in China, hoping to provide some theoretical and practical reference for the development of democracy in our country. After explaining two popular concepts of democracy-procedural democracy and substantial democracy, this paper analyzes the relationship between democracy and culture, and combs the various arguments on the relationship between Confucian culture and democracy in current academic circles. Then the most important cultural factors that affect the construction of democracy in our country at present are discussed emphatically: the spirit of rule by law is lacking, the consciousness of subject is weak, the bureaucratic culture is still deeply rooted. The author makes a detailed summary and analysis: the endogenous development model emphasizes to seek the basis for the democratic construction of our country from the inside of the traditional culture. This model has strong cultural subject and cultural inheritance consciousness, but it emphasizes the endogenous development too one-sidedly. Rejecting the impact of globalization is tantamount to being self-contained; the creative transformation model of traditional culture, attention to absorbing advanced experience at home and abroad, and creative transformation of traditional culture, It is very consistent with the current path of cultural development. However, both of these two modes of cultural transformation emphasize the connection between culture and culture one-sidedly, but fail to notice the realistic possibility of this kind of cultural docking. The author is more in favor of the adaptive transformation model of traditional culture. In the last part of the article, two points are emphasized: one is to promote the reform of economic system based on practice; Second, the transformation of values into the development, relying on national strength, through the way of education to achieve the internalization of advanced culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D621

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