本文關鍵詞： 中世紀 教皇革命 西方 法治 法治傳統(tǒng)　出處：《西南政法大學》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 西方的法治觀念源遠流長,但西方法治觀念的形成及其最終發(fā)展成為一種沿襲至今的傳統(tǒng)卻并非一帆風順。西方的法治觀念在從古代過渡到近現(xiàn)代的過程中,經(jīng)歷了西歐的中世紀——一個神權統(tǒng)治的時代。在這一時期,教皇的權力曾一度超越王權,神學思想得到了前所未有的信仰。盡管如此,在這樣一個篤信神意的社會中,法治的理念最終得以保存,并得到了一定程度的發(fā)展,形成了西方法治傳統(tǒng)的某種雛形。即便曾有大多數(shù)學者都認為神學主宰下的中世紀缺乏法治觀念生長的土壤,是法治觀念處于倒退的時代,但無論是后來人們對神權法體系中有關教條、教令的研究,還是美國著名學者伯爾曼在其《法律與宗教》及《法律與革命》這兩本著作中所提到的中世紀西方法律傳統(tǒng)(當然也包括法治傳統(tǒng))的形成,都給我們提供了一種新的思路。不同于以往對中世紀神學體系的全盤否定,而是在其中發(fā)現(xiàn)其有意義和有價值的貢獻,其中之一便是對西方法治傳統(tǒng)所產(chǎn)生的歷史性影響。因此,順著這一線索研究下去,將有助于我們從理論上進一步完善對中世紀的認識,以求更全面、詳細和客觀。 文章包括引言、正文和結語三部分。正文部分從教皇革命的興起入手,分四個部分闡述了中世紀教皇革命對西方法治傳統(tǒng)的影響。 論文正文的第一個部分,西歐中世紀的教皇革命。內(nèi)容主要包括教皇革命興起的背景及其內(nèi)涵,教皇革命的實質及直接結果。 論文正文的第二個部分,西方的法治理念及西方法治傳統(tǒng)。內(nèi)容主要涉及對西方法治理念發(fā)展歷程的回顧,以及對西方法治傳統(tǒng)及其內(nèi)涵的闡析。 論文正文的第三個部分,教皇革命對西方法治傳統(tǒng)的影響。文章分別從積極和消極兩個方面進行了闡述。其中積極方面的影響包括西方法律信仰的產(chǎn)生;近代法治理念的發(fā)展;權力制約局面的形成以及“法律至上”原則的產(chǎn)生四個方面。消極方面的影響則是順著神權的統(tǒng)治、宗教裁判所的產(chǎn)生以及教會對司法權的干預三條線索展開的論述。 論文正文的第四個部分,教皇革命對西方法治傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生影響的原因分析。本部分也包括積極和消極兩方面的原因。概括而言主要是教會對古羅馬殘留文明的保存、二元法律體系的形成、教權與王權的對立與斗爭、神治精神與法治精神的背離、法律統(tǒng)治為神學統(tǒng)治服務這幾個因素。 其中,論文正文的第三和第四個部分是文章的重點和難點所在,也包括了文章的創(chuàng)新之處,即是有關教皇革命對西方法治傳統(tǒng)的消極影響及其原因方面的論述。 文章采用了演繹推理、歸納推理、歷史分析和辨證分析等方法進行闡述,力求在尊重歷史的基礎上再現(xiàn)歷史,并以此作為文章研究內(nèi)容的最有力證明,使文章的論述更謹慎和嚴密。
[Abstract]:The concept of the rule of law in the West has a long history, but the formation and development of the concept of the rule of law in the West has not always been smooth, and the concept of the rule of law in the West is in the process of transition from ancient times to modern times. During the Middle Ages of Western Europe, a time of theocracy, the pope's power overtook Wang Quan and theological thought gained an unprecedented belief. In such a devout society, the concept of the rule of law was eventually preserved and developed to a certain extent. Even though most scholars thought that the medieval lack of the concept of rule of law under theology was an era when the concept of rule of law was in retrogression. But whether it is the later study of theocratic law system about dogma, doctrine. It is also the formation of medieval western legal tradition (including the tradition of rule of law) mentioned by the famous American scholar Berman in his works Law and Religion and Law and Revolution. Different from the total negation of the medieval theology system in the past, we find its meaningful and valuable contribution in it. One of them is the historical influence on the tradition of the rule of law in the west. Therefore, following this clue will help us to further improve our understanding of the Middle Ages in theory, in order to achieve a more comprehensive. Detail and objectivity The article includes three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text begins with the rise of the papal revolution and expounds the influence of the medieval papal revolution on the western tradition of ruling by law in four parts. The first part of the paper, the papal revolution in the Middle Ages in Western Europe, mainly includes the background and connotation of the pope revolution, the essence and direct result of the papal revolution. The second part of the thesis is mainly concerned with the review of the history of the development of the western rule of law and the explanation of the western tradition of rule of law and its connotation. In the third part of the paper, the influence of papal revolution on the tradition of western rule of law is discussed. The development of the concept of rule of law in modern times; The formation of the situation of power restriction and the emergence of the principle of "the supremacy of law". The negative influence is the rule of theocracy. The emergence of the religious adjudication and the intervention of the church in the judicial power. The fourth part of the paper. This part also includes positive and negative reasons. Generally speaking, it is mainly about the preservation of ancient Roman civilization and the formation of dual legal system. The opposition and struggle between religious power and Wang Quan, the deviation between the spirit of divine rule and the spirit of rule by law, and the rule of law serve the theological rule. Among them, the third and fourth parts of the text are the focus and difficulty of the article, including the innovation of the article. This is the discussion on the negative influence of papal revolution on the western tradition of rule of law and its causes. The article uses deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, historical analysis and dialectical analysis and other methods to elaborate, trying to reproduce history on the basis of respect for history, and as the most powerful proof of the content of the article. To make the article more careful and rigorous.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D909.1

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 周圣W，

本文編號：1471988