【摘要】：人與自然的關(guān)系問題是人類生存發(fā)展的根本問題。近年來,由于人類不合理地開發(fā)利用自然,造成了對自然的嚴(yán)重破壞和污染：資源枯竭、環(huán)境污染、水土流失等等現(xiàn)象,這些突發(fā)生態(tài)環(huán)境已經(jīng)威脅到整個(gè)人類的生存,成為全球共同關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。日益惡化的生態(tài)環(huán)境使得人們必須重新反思人與自然的關(guān)系,審視人類的生存方式。馬克思的自然觀逐漸走進(jìn)人們的視野,于是,重新翻閱和研究馬克思的經(jīng)典文本成為時(shí)代發(fā)展的迫切要求。推動(dòng)馬克思哲學(xué)發(fā)展創(chuàng)新很重要的方面就是堅(jiān)持用馬克思的立場、觀點(diǎn)和方法去觀察、分析和解決社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)中存在的實(shí)際問題。這不僅是馬克思哲學(xué)理論本身的內(nèi)在要求,也是馬克思哲學(xué)保持強(qiáng)大生命力的重要根源。 馬克思之前自然觀都是非歷史性、非實(shí)踐性地看待人與自然。馬克思考察了西方自然觀的歷史演變,在批判和繼承黑格爾與費(fèi)爾巴哈自然觀的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)立了新的自然觀,完成了自然觀上的哲學(xué)革命。馬克思自然觀不是對以往自然觀的簡單機(jī)械拼湊,也不是脫離實(shí)際的主觀臆想,他從實(shí)踐出發(fā)全面把握人、自然與歷史的關(guān)系,從而具有新的內(nèi)涵,主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：自然觀的實(shí)踐特質(zhì)、自然觀的歷史向度和自然觀的價(jià)值訴求。馬克思不僅在哲學(xué)理論層面而且深入到對現(xiàn)存社會(huì)制度的批判和社會(huì)變革的層面來理解人與自然關(guān)系,這使他的自然觀具有鮮明的實(shí)踐性、辯證性和批判性的本質(zhì)特征。正是這些特征,使馬克思的自然觀超越以往自然觀,更加具有理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。在深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的今天,馬克思的自然觀為有效解決全球生態(tài)危機(jī)指明方向,為我國社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供理論指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:The relationship between man and nature is the fundamental problem of human survival and development. In recent years, due to the unreasonable development and utilization of nature, human beings have caused serious damage and pollution to nature, such as resource depletion, environmental pollution, soil and water loss and so on. These sudden ecological environments have threatened the survival of the whole human beings and become the focus of global attention. The deteriorating ecological environment makes it necessary for people to rethink the relationship between man and nature and to examine the way of human existence. Marx's view of nature has gradually entered people's field of vision, so it has become an urgent requirement for the development of the times to re-read and study Marx's classical texts. It is very important to promote the development and innovation of Marxist philosophy to observe, analyze and solve the practical problems existing in social reality by using Marx's position, viewpoint and method. This is not only the inherent requirement of Marxist philosophy theory itself, but also the important root of Marxist philosophy to maintain strong vitality. Before Marx, the view of nature was non-historical and non-practical. Marx investigated the historical evolution of the western view of nature, founded a new view of nature on the basis of criticizing and inheriting Heger and Feuerbach's view of nature, and completed the philosophical revolution in the view of nature. Marx's view of nature is not a simple mechanical patchwork of the past view of nature, nor is it divorced from the actual subjective imagination. He comprehensively grasps the relationship between man, nature and history from practice, and thus has a new connotation, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects: the practical characteristics of the view of nature, the historical dimension of the view of nature and the value demand of the view of nature. Marx understood the relationship between man and nature not only at the level of philosophical theory but also at the level of criticism and social reform of the existing social system, which made his view of nature have distinct essential characteristics of practicality, dialectics and criticism. It is these characteristics that make Marx's view of nature go beyond the previous view of nature and have more theoretical and practical significance. Today, with the deep implementation of the scientific concept of development, Marx's view of nature points out the direction for effectively solving the global ecological crisis and provides theoretical guidance for the socialist modernization construction of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A811

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