【摘要】：自二十世紀(jì)七八十年代以來，隨著全球氣候變暖帶來的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題的日益嚴(yán)重，環(huán)境問題日益成為世人關(guān)注的一項(xiàng)重大問題。改革開放以來，尤其是近年來，，盡管我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)取得了高速發(fā)展，綜合國(guó)力得到顯著提升，但因此也帶來了諸如礦產(chǎn)資源能源日益枯竭、河流湖泊遭到嚴(yán)重污染、物種植被減少、氣溫升高、霧霾天氣大范圍長(zhǎng)時(shí)間存在等生態(tài)環(huán)境問題，如果我國(guó)不與國(guó)際一道加大對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境問題的有效治理，勢(shì)必使已經(jīng)取得的發(fā)展成就大打折扣。所有的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題根本上都是關(guān)于人類和自然界的關(guān)系問題，作為馬克思主義組成部分的恩格斯自然觀，就是關(guān)于研究人類、社會(huì)以及自然界三者關(guān)系的科學(xué)理論。恩格斯自然觀認(rèn)為，人類生存的地球是一個(gè)整體性的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，生存于其中的人類、其他的生命存在物以及自然界是彼此相互聯(lián)系相互依賴的整體，人類只是這個(gè)生命共同體的一部分，不能以人類的生存發(fā)展的需要而忽視或者代替其他生命體和自然界的需要和承受能力。人類意識(shí)的能動(dòng)性發(fā)揮應(yīng)該以遵循自然界和其他生物的生存發(fā)展規(guī)律為前提，不能以地球的主宰者統(tǒng)治者自居而肆意妄為，研究和挖掘恩格斯辯證的豐富的生態(tài)自然觀，對(duì)于我們更好的貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義生態(tài)文明，實(shí)現(xiàn)美麗中國(guó)的奮斗目標(biāo)都具有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 論文探析恩格斯自然觀產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)背景和理論淵源以及產(chǎn)生的方法論依據(jù)，恩格斯自然觀和馬克思自然觀的本質(zhì)一致性等內(nèi)容，從歷史角度和多個(gè)層面對(duì)恩格斯自然觀加以考察，從而對(duì)恩格斯自然觀豐富的內(nèi)涵加深了解，進(jìn)而使恩格斯自然觀對(duì)我國(guó)社會(huì)主義生態(tài)文明建設(shè)實(shí)踐起到更好的思想引領(lǐng)和指導(dǎo)。通過對(duì)生態(tài)文明這種新的社會(huì)文明形態(tài)相關(guān)內(nèi)容的比較描述，分析生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的必要性和可行性，以及系統(tǒng)梳理我國(guó)改革開放后在生態(tài)文明領(lǐng)域的實(shí)踐探索等內(nèi)容，闡明改革開放三十多年間，我國(guó)取得的經(jīng)濟(jì)成就和發(fā)展優(yōu)勢(shì)的具備為當(dāng)今更為妥善地解決生態(tài)環(huán)境問題打下了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，更重點(diǎn)分析和列舉了生態(tài)環(huán)境領(lǐng)域存在的諸多問題，以及對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境問題日益嚴(yán)重的緣由進(jìn)行了學(xué)理反思。針對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)境污染并存的現(xiàn)狀，我國(guó)進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義生態(tài)文明建設(shè)主要應(yīng)從指導(dǎo)思想、監(jiān)管機(jī)制、轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、調(diào)整官員政績(jī)考核內(nèi)容、完善法律法規(guī)和制度建設(shè)、公民環(huán)保意識(shí)教育以及開展國(guó)際合作等方面加以著手，實(shí)現(xiàn)建成美麗中國(guó)的偉大目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Since the 1970s and 1980s, with the increasing severity of ecological environment problems caused by global warming, environmental problems have increasingly become a major concern of the world. Since the reform and opening up, especially in recent years, although China's economy has made rapid development and its comprehensive national strength has been significantly improved, it has also brought about ecological and environmental problems, such as the increasing depletion of mineral resources and energy, the serious pollution of rivers and lakes, the reduction of species and vegetation, the rise of temperature, and the existence of haze weather for a long time. It is bound to greatly discount the development achievements that have been made. All the ecological environment problems are basically about the relationship between human beings and nature. Engels' view of nature, as an integral part of Marxism, is about the scientific theory of studying the relationship among human beings, society and nature. Engels' view of nature holds that the earth in which human beings live is a whole ecosystem, in which human beings, other living beings and nature are interrelated and interdependent whole. Human beings are only a part of this life community, and can not ignore or replace the needs and affordability of other life bodies and nature with the needs of human survival and development. The dynamic play of human consciousness should be based on the premise of following the law of survival and development of nature and other creatures, and can not take the ruler of the earth as its own and wantonly do so. It is of great theoretical and practical significance for us to better implement the scientific concept of development, build socialist ecological civilization and realize the goal of beautiful China by studying and excavating Engels' dialectical and rich view of ecological nature, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for us to better implement the scientific concept of development, build socialist ecological civilization and realize the goal of beautiful China. This paper analyzes the social background and theoretical origin of Engels' view of nature and the methodological basis of its emergence, and the essential consistency between Engels' view of nature and Marx's view of nature, and investigates Engels' view of nature from a historical point of view and many levels, so as to deepen the understanding of Engels' rich connotation of natural view. Furthermore, Engels' view of nature plays a better role in guiding and guiding the construction of socialist ecological civilization in China. Through the comparative description of the relevant contents of ecological civilization, a new form of social civilization, this paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of ecological civilization construction, and systematically combs the practical exploration in the field of ecological civilization after China's reform and opening up, and expounds that in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the economic achievements and development advantages of our country have laid a material foundation for better solving the problems of ecological environment. This paper analyzes and enumerates many problems existing in the field of ecological environment, and makes a theoretical reflection on the reasons why the ecological environment problems are becoming more and more serious. In view of the coexistence of economic development and environmental pollution, the construction of socialist ecological civilization in China should be carried out mainly from the aspects of guiding ideology, supervision mechanism, changing the mode of economic development, adjusting the contents of official performance assessment, perfecting the construction of laws, regulations and systems, educating citizens' awareness of environmental protection and carrying out international cooperation, so as to achieve the great goal of building a beautiful China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：A811;D61

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