論列寧國(guó)家觀的轉(zhuǎn)變
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-16 18:18
【摘要】：列寧的國(guó)家觀不僅對(duì)國(guó)際共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)和蘇俄社會(huì)主義革命與建設(shè)產(chǎn)生了重大影響,而且對(duì)其他國(guó)家尤其是中國(guó)的社會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)也發(fā)揮了重要作用。但是,列寧逝世后,斯大林專制極權(quán)主義的蔓延,列寧的國(guó)家觀卻遭到了理論和實(shí)踐的嚴(yán)重扭曲,以至于成了西方自由主義意識(shí)形態(tài)攻擊的對(duì)象,尤其是蘇東劇變后,連同斯大林專制極權(quán)主義一并被大多數(shù)人當(dāng)作歷史垃圾予以了徹底否定。唯有中國(guó),不僅一如既往地高舉馬列主義思想旗幟,而且一直認(rèn)真看待列寧的國(guó)家觀對(duì)馬克思主義國(guó)家觀的發(fā)展,并堅(jiān)持從列寧的國(guó)家觀中吸取營(yíng)養(yǎng),謀劃和推進(jìn)政治體制改革。以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央謀劃和提出的深入推進(jìn)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)戰(zhàn)略,就是對(duì)列寧國(guó)家觀的一種堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展。但是,理論界對(duì)列寧國(guó)家觀的既有研究和闡發(fā),大都停留于對(duì)其觀點(diǎn)、結(jié)論的闡釋和分析,而鮮有關(guān)注列寧根據(jù)時(shí)勢(shì)和歷史情境的變化對(duì)其某些觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論的轉(zhuǎn)換、調(diào)整和重新闡釋,從而未能從列寧國(guó)家觀與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的理論品質(zhì)上去闡發(fā)其具體的觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論。這與我黨堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展列寧國(guó)家觀,推進(jìn)和深化我國(guó)政治體制改的實(shí)踐需要,是嚴(yán)重不相匹配的。因此,對(duì)列寧國(guó)家觀的具體轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程及其表現(xiàn)展開深入研究,已成為進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)列寧國(guó)家觀的研究和闡釋以及充分發(fā)揮其在實(shí)踐中指導(dǎo)作用的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)。本文擬對(duì)推進(jìn)這一課題的研究盡一點(diǎn)綿薄之力,并主要從以下幾個(gè)方面展開:(一)梳理和論述列寧國(guó)家觀的理論基礎(chǔ)。列寧國(guó)家觀具有其明確的理論來(lái)源即馬克思恩格斯的國(guó)家理論。列寧主要繼承了馬克思恩格斯的國(guó)家本質(zhì)論、國(guó)家職能論、無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政論以及國(guó)家消亡論等主要內(nèi)容。(二)分析和闡釋列寧國(guó)家觀的具體轉(zhuǎn)變及其表現(xiàn)。列寧國(guó)家觀的轉(zhuǎn)變主要經(jīng)歷了四個(gè)階段。十月革命前列寧對(duì)無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)新國(guó)家的構(gòu)想繼承了馬克思和恩格斯關(guān)于未來(lái)無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政國(guó)家的構(gòu)建,明確指出蘇維埃是無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政在俄國(guó)的表現(xiàn)形式。十月革命勝利后,列寧把對(duì)蘇維埃國(guó)家的設(shè)想從理論變?yōu)閷?shí)踐,建立了以人民直接管理國(guó)家為代表的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家政治制度。1918年國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)后,受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和蘇聯(lián)落后的經(jīng)濟(jì)文化水平的影響,列寧逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變了對(duì)蘇維埃國(guó)家制度的理論認(rèn)識(shí),從民主走向集中。國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中形成的高度集權(quán)的政治體制的弊端日漸顯露,不能適應(yīng)當(dāng)時(shí)恢復(fù)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要。為了修復(fù)偏離軌道的蘇維埃國(guó)家體制,列寧晚年進(jìn)行了新的政治改革構(gòu)思和嘗試,要求改善國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)行機(jī)制,實(shí)行黨政分工,試圖建立一種新型的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家發(fā)展模式。(三)發(fā)掘列寧國(guó)家觀轉(zhuǎn)變的深層原因。列寧國(guó)家觀的轉(zhuǎn)變是跟隨時(shí)代問(wèn)題在蘇俄的具體表現(xiàn)及其變化和自身理論素養(yǎng)的發(fā)展而發(fā)生的。帝國(guó)主義時(shí)代的矛盾在蘇俄的具體變化,是列寧對(duì)國(guó)家相關(guān)問(wèn)題作出新的思考和認(rèn)識(shí)的客觀原因;而列寧自身對(duì)唯物史觀理解的深化和完善,則是也促使其對(duì)國(guó)家相關(guān)問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)作出新的概括的主觀原因。(四)列寧適時(shí)調(diào)整國(guó)家觀的啟示。列寧對(duì)其國(guó)家觀的適時(shí)調(diào)整對(duì)我們的啟示主要表現(xiàn)在:在對(duì)國(guó)家相關(guān)問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)須堅(jiān)持馬克思主義與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的理論品質(zhì);同時(shí),需要從實(shí)踐中不斷提煉和豐富馬克思主義國(guó)家理論的內(nèi)容,以便更好地指導(dǎo)和推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義政治體制改革,從而更好地貫徹和落實(shí)我黨治國(guó)理政的戰(zhàn)略決策。
[Abstract]:Lenin's view not only has a great influence on the international communist movement and the socialist revolution and construction of the Soviet-Russia, but also plays an important role in the socialist revolution and construction of other countries, especially China. However, after the death of Lenin, Stalin's totalitarianism has spread, and Lenin's state view has been seriously distorted by the theory and practice, so as to become the object of the western liberal ideology attack, especially after the change of the Soviet Union. Along with stalin's totalitarian totalitarianism, the majority of people were treated as historical rubbish. Only China, as always, holds high the banner of Marxism-Leninism, and has taken a serious view of the development of Lenin's national view on the view of the Marxist state, and insists on drawing up the nutrition, planning and promoting the political system reform from Lenin's national view. The plan of the Party Central Committee, which takes Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, and the strategy for the modernization of the national governance system and the governance capacity of the socialist countries with Chinese characteristics, are a kind of adherence and development to the view of Lenin's state. However, the research and interpretation of Lenin's state view in the theory circle mostly stay in the explanation and analysis of his point of view and conclusion, and few attention is paid to the transformation, adjustment and reinterpretation of some opinions and conclusions of Lenin on the basis of the change of the situation of time and history. Therefore, it is not possible to explain its concrete point of view and conclusion from Lenin's view of the theory of keeping pace with the times. This is a serious mismatch with our Party's adherence to and the development of Lenin's state view, the promotion and deepening of the reform of the political system in our country. Therefore, the study on the specific transformation of Lenin's state view and its performance has become a key part of further promoting the research and interpretation of Lenin's state view and giving full play to its guiding role in practice. This paper intends to make a little effort to study the research of this subject, and mainly from the following aspects: (1) to comb and discuss the theoretical basis of Lenin's state view. Lenin's state view has its clear theoretical source, that is, the national theory of Marx and Engels. Lenin mainly inherited the main contents of the national essence of Marx and Engels, the national function theory, the dictatorship of the proletariat and the theory of the death of the state. (2) Analyze and explain the specific transformation and performance of Lenin's state view. The transition of Lenin's state view is mainly through four stages. The idea of Lenin's new state of the proletariat before the October Revolution has inherited the construction of Marx and Engels about the future of the dictatorship of the proletariat, and made it clear that the Soviet is the manifestation of the dictatorship of the proletariat in Russia. After the victory of the October Revolution, Lenin set the idea of the Soviet state from the theory to the practice, and established the socialist national political system represented by the people's direct management. After the outbreak of the internal war in 1918, the influence of the war and the backward economic and cultural level of the Soviet Union, Lenin gradually changed the theoretical understanding of the Soviet state system and concentrated from the democratic trend. After the end of the internal war, the defects of the highly centralized political system formed in the war are becoming more and more exposed, and cannot be adapted to the real needs of the recovery of the national economy at that time. In order to repair the system of the Soviet state deviating from the orbit, Lenin made a new idea and attempt to reform the political reform in his later years, and called for the improvement of the operating mechanism of the State institutions and the division of the work of the Party and government, and an attempt was made to establish a new model of the development of the socialist state. (3) To explore the deep reason of the transition of Lenin's state view. The transition of Lenin's state view is the development of the concrete performance and its change and its own theoretical accomplishment in the Soviet Russia. The contradiction of the imperialist times in the specific change of the Soviet-Russian is the objective reason of Lenin's new thinking and understanding of the relevant problems of the state, and the deepening and perfection of Lenin's understanding of the historical materialism is the subjective cause of the new generalization of the understanding of the relevant problems of the state. (4) The enlightenment of Lenin's timely adjustment of state view. Lenin's timely adjustment to the state view of the country is mainly manifested in the following: in the understanding of the problems related to the state, we must adhere to the theoretical quality of Marxism with the times, and at the same time, it is necessary to continuously refine and enrich the content of the Marxist country theory from the practice. So as to better guide and advance the socialist political system reform, so as to better carry out and implement the strategic decision of the Party's governance of the country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：A82;D03
本文編號(hào)：2500726
[Abstract]:Lenin's view not only has a great influence on the international communist movement and the socialist revolution and construction of the Soviet-Russia, but also plays an important role in the socialist revolution and construction of other countries, especially China. However, after the death of Lenin, Stalin's totalitarianism has spread, and Lenin's state view has been seriously distorted by the theory and practice, so as to become the object of the western liberal ideology attack, especially after the change of the Soviet Union. Along with stalin's totalitarian totalitarianism, the majority of people were treated as historical rubbish. Only China, as always, holds high the banner of Marxism-Leninism, and has taken a serious view of the development of Lenin's national view on the view of the Marxist state, and insists on drawing up the nutrition, planning and promoting the political system reform from Lenin's national view. The plan of the Party Central Committee, which takes Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, and the strategy for the modernization of the national governance system and the governance capacity of the socialist countries with Chinese characteristics, are a kind of adherence and development to the view of Lenin's state. However, the research and interpretation of Lenin's state view in the theory circle mostly stay in the explanation and analysis of his point of view and conclusion, and few attention is paid to the transformation, adjustment and reinterpretation of some opinions and conclusions of Lenin on the basis of the change of the situation of time and history. Therefore, it is not possible to explain its concrete point of view and conclusion from Lenin's view of the theory of keeping pace with the times. This is a serious mismatch with our Party's adherence to and the development of Lenin's state view, the promotion and deepening of the reform of the political system in our country. Therefore, the study on the specific transformation of Lenin's state view and its performance has become a key part of further promoting the research and interpretation of Lenin's state view and giving full play to its guiding role in practice. This paper intends to make a little effort to study the research of this subject, and mainly from the following aspects: (1) to comb and discuss the theoretical basis of Lenin's state view. Lenin's state view has its clear theoretical source, that is, the national theory of Marx and Engels. Lenin mainly inherited the main contents of the national essence of Marx and Engels, the national function theory, the dictatorship of the proletariat and the theory of the death of the state. (2) Analyze and explain the specific transformation and performance of Lenin's state view. The transition of Lenin's state view is mainly through four stages. The idea of Lenin's new state of the proletariat before the October Revolution has inherited the construction of Marx and Engels about the future of the dictatorship of the proletariat, and made it clear that the Soviet is the manifestation of the dictatorship of the proletariat in Russia. After the victory of the October Revolution, Lenin set the idea of the Soviet state from the theory to the practice, and established the socialist national political system represented by the people's direct management. After the outbreak of the internal war in 1918, the influence of the war and the backward economic and cultural level of the Soviet Union, Lenin gradually changed the theoretical understanding of the Soviet state system and concentrated from the democratic trend. After the end of the internal war, the defects of the highly centralized political system formed in the war are becoming more and more exposed, and cannot be adapted to the real needs of the recovery of the national economy at that time. In order to repair the system of the Soviet state deviating from the orbit, Lenin made a new idea and attempt to reform the political reform in his later years, and called for the improvement of the operating mechanism of the State institutions and the division of the work of the Party and government, and an attempt was made to establish a new model of the development of the socialist state. (3) To explore the deep reason of the transition of Lenin's state view. The transition of Lenin's state view is the development of the concrete performance and its change and its own theoretical accomplishment in the Soviet Russia. The contradiction of the imperialist times in the specific change of the Soviet-Russian is the objective reason of Lenin's new thinking and understanding of the relevant problems of the state, and the deepening and perfection of Lenin's understanding of the historical materialism is the subjective cause of the new generalization of the understanding of the relevant problems of the state. (4) The enlightenment of Lenin's timely adjustment of state view. Lenin's timely adjustment to the state view of the country is mainly manifested in the following: in the understanding of the problems related to the state, we must adhere to the theoretical quality of Marxism with the times, and at the same time, it is necessary to continuously refine and enrich the content of the Marxist country theory from the practice. So as to better guide and advance the socialist political system reform, so as to better carry out and implement the strategic decision of the Party's governance of the country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：A82;D03
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