【摘要】：Marx最重要的思想一是歷史唯物主義，一是唯物辯證法。這兩方面的思想看似是討論社會發(fā)展中物的重要作用，而實(shí)際在更深層次上，是在討論人與人之間的關(guān)系，想要解決的問題實(shí)際是人的問題。Engels在《致約·布洛赫》就已經(jīng)解釋過他們過多的提及經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的作用并不是忽略上層建筑，恰恰相反，他們很重視思想文化對于世界的影響。但當(dāng)時(shí)由于正是人們忽略了經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)對世界的推動他們才過多的討論經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的作用。由此可見，Marx和恩格斯過多的強(qiáng)調(diào)物質(zhì)的推動作用是與當(dāng)時(shí)的社會思想背景有關(guān)，他們是十分重視人的問題的。馬克思主義的平等觀具體討論的就是人與人之間的關(guān)系問題。馬克思主義的平等觀脫胎于資本主義社會的不平等現(xiàn)實(shí)，資本主義虛偽的平等主要體現(xiàn)在用人權(quán)的外衣包裹其丑陋的外表、用法律的外衣將其裝點(diǎn)成神圣制度、空談平等的理論而沒有真正給人民以實(shí)質(zhì)的平等、將平等等同于正義的概念為其不合理的資本主義社會的特權(quán)現(xiàn)象做辯護(hù)，這些都充分展現(xiàn)了資本主義社會平等的虛偽性和抽象性。Marx極恩格斯理性地分析了資本主義社會所謂平等的虛偽，并且從歷史唯物主義的角度提出了科學(xué)的平等觀，建立起無產(chǎn)階級的平等觀，指出平等是歷史發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物，有其深厚的客觀物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。隨著我們社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，，社會中出現(xiàn)的各種不平等問題也開始接踵而至，社會成員之間收入差距日趨加大、城鄉(xiāng)收入差距拉大、區(qū)域之間收入差距不平衡、行業(yè)之間收入差距巨大，除此以外社會的法制建設(shè)面臨新的挑戰(zhàn)，社會道德與社會價(jià)值觀在重塑過程中受到不斷的挑戰(zhàn)。在這樣的情況下平等問題成了這些年社會討論的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)話題。雖然Marx已經(jīng)不是我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的人，但是馬克思主義的理論是一個(gè)開放的不斷向前發(fā)展的理論，它并沒有因?yàn)闀r(shí)間的推移而喪失其活性。今天我們的社會現(xiàn)象仍然可以用馬克思主義來進(jìn)行分析，雖然社會在不斷變更，但正如Marx所說的社會發(fā)展的根本動力是社會生產(chǎn)力，所以我們只要緊扣生產(chǎn)力、生產(chǎn)關(guān)系與社會發(fā)展的平等問題的辯證關(guān)系就可以深刻的分析社會發(fā)展中出現(xiàn)的各種不平等現(xiàn)象及其原因。因此馬克思主義的平等觀對于我們要解決當(dāng)前社會的效率與公平問題是十分有實(shí)踐意義的。
[Abstract]:The most important thought of Marx is historical materialism and materialist dialectics. These two aspects of thinking seem to be discussing the important role of things in social development, but in fact, at a deeper level, they are discussing the relationship between people. The problem to be solved is actually the problem of human beings. Engels has explained that their excessive reference to the role of the economy is not to ignore superstructures, but rather to attach great importance to the influence of ideology and culture on the world. But it was because people ignored the economic foundation of the world that they discussed the role of the economic base too much. It can be seen that Marx and Engels put too much emphasis on the promotion of material is related to the social and ideological background at that time, they attach great importance to the problem of human beings. Marxist view of equality specifically discusses the relationship between people. The Marxist view of equality is rooted in the unequal reality of capitalist society, and the hypocritical equality of capitalism is mainly embodied in wrapping its ugly appearance with the coat of human rights and embellishing it as a sacred system with the coat of law. Talking about the theory of equality without really giving the people substantive equality, and justifying the concept of equality as justice justifies the privileged phenomenon of its unreasonable capitalist society. All of these fully show the hypocrisy and abstraction of equality in capitalist society. Marx extremely Engels rationally analyzed the so-called hypocrisy of equality in capitalist society, and put forward a scientific view of equality from the angle of historical materialism. Based on the view of equality of the proletariat, it is pointed out that equality is the product of historical development and has its profound objective material basis. With the rapid development of our social economy, various inequalities in society have begun to ensue. The income gap among members of the society is increasing day by day, the income gap between urban and rural areas is widening, and the income gap between regions is uneven. The income gap between industries is huge. In addition, the legal construction of the society faces new challenges, and the social morality and social values are constantly challenged in the process of rebuilding. Under such circumstances, the issue of equality has become a hot topic of social discussion in recent years. Although Marx is no longer a man of our time, Marxist theory is an open and progressive theory, and it has not lost its activity because of the passage of time. Today, our social phenomena can still be analyzed by Marxism. Although society is constantly changing, the fundamental driving force of social development, as mentioned by Marx, is the social productive forces, so we just have to stick to the productive forces. The dialectical relationship between the relationship of production and the equality of social development can deeply analyze all kinds of inequalities in social development and their causes. Therefore, Marxist view of equality is of great practical significance for us to solve the problems of efficiency and fairness in present society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A811

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