【摘要】：馬克思恩格斯在馬克思主義著作中對“公共需求”的蘊(yùn)意多次涉及,對于馬克思主義公共需求概念的理解,應(yīng)當(dāng)全面地采用辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義方法進(jìn)行分析,同時借助于散見馬克思主義著作中關(guān)于“社會公共需要”、“公共利益”等思想觀點(diǎn),形成馬克思主義公共需求理論的基本要義。有一些學(xué)者把馬克思主義公共需求的概念和西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)公共產(chǎn)品的概念混淆在一起,因此,有必要對馬克思主義公共需求理論進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步研究和總結(jié),也需對西方公共產(chǎn)品理論的局限進(jìn)行分析,全面地揭示馬克思主義公共需求理論的本質(zhì),另一方面對中國化馬克思主義公共需求理論的發(fā)展進(jìn)行梳理,進(jìn)一步完善馬克思主義公共需求理論。 新時期,我國正處于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的黃金機(jī)遇期,但同時也是社會矛盾的凸顯期,原有體制機(jī)制性弊端越來越成為發(fā)展的瓶頸問題,此外,資源、環(huán)境、文化創(chuàng)新等各方面問題層出不窮。新時期我國公共需求供給的主要矛盾是：社會的公共需求快速增長與當(dāng)前公共需求(尤其是基本公共需求)總供給的緊缺、供給不均衡和供給不合理之間的矛盾。公共需求供給水平與全面建設(shè)小康社會、和諧社會的要求差距還很大,很大程度的影響經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的發(fā)展。因此要妥善處理好目的與規(guī)律的關(guān)系、公平和效率的關(guān)系、政府和市場的關(guān)系、公立和公益的關(guān)系以及激勵和約束的關(guān)系等問題,才能更好地滿足公共需求。 本文通過文獻(xiàn)法對馬克思主義公共需求理論進(jìn)行梳理和總結(jié),重點(diǎn)分析了馬克思主要公共需求的屬性,指出其具有公共利益的目的性、公共需求的整體性、公共主體的必要性、公共供給的效率性等自然屬性,以及動態(tài)發(fā)展性、公平合理性、階級屬性等社會屬性,并指出社會屬性的決定意義。文章針對當(dāng)前我國公共需求發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,指出其主要特點(diǎn)是基本公共需求亟須填補(bǔ)、轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展公共需求猛增、和諧發(fā)展公共需求旺盛,并認(rèn)為需要進(jìn)一步明確公共需求供給的范圍重點(diǎn),進(jìn)一步完善公共需求供給的決策機(jī)制,進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)公共需求供給的組織管理,進(jìn)一步改善公共需求供給的檢驗(yàn)評價,給出了具體的政策建議。
[Abstract]:Marx and Engels' implication of "public demand" in Marxist works has been involved many times. The understanding of Marxist concept of public demand should be analyzed by means of dialectical materialism and historical materialism in an all-round way. At the same time, with the help of the scattered Marxist works on "social public needs", "public interests" and other ideological points of view, the formation of Marxist public demand theory of the basic essentials. Some scholars have confused the concept of Marxist public demand with the concept of public goods in western economics. Therefore, it is necessary to further study and summarize the Marxist theory of public demand. It is also necessary to analyze the limitations of western public goods theory, reveal the essence of Marxist public demand theory in an all-round way, and sort out the development of Marxist public demand theory in China on the other hand. We will further improve the Marxist theory of public demand. In the new period, China is in a golden period of opportunity for economic development, but it is also a prominent period of social contradictions. The institutional malpractice of the original system is becoming more and more the bottleneck of development. In addition, resources and environment, Cultural innovation and other aspects of the problem emerge in endlessly. The main contradiction of our country's public demand and supply in the new period is the contradiction between the rapid growth of the public demand and the shortage of the total supply of the public demand (especially the basic public demand), the imbalance of the supply and the unreasonable supply. There is a great gap between the level of public demand and supply and building a well-off society in an all-round way, and the requirement of harmonious society is still quite different, which greatly affects the development of economy and society. Therefore, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between purpose and law, fairness and efficiency, the relationship between the government and the market, the relationship between the public and the public, and the relationship between incentives and constraints, so as to better meet the public demand. This article combs and sums up Marxist public demand theory through literature law, analyzes the attributes of Marx's main public demand, and points out that it has the purpose of public interest, the integrity of public demand and the necessity of public subject. Natural attributes, such as efficiency of public supply, and social attributes such as dynamic development, fairness and rationality, class attributes, etc., are pointed out, and the decisive significance of social attributes is pointed out. In view of the current situation of the development of public demand in China, this paper points out that its main characteristics are that the basic public demand must be filled urgently, the public demand for transformation and development increases sharply, and the public demand for harmonious development is vigorous. It is also considered that it is necessary to further clarify the scope of public demand supply, further improve the decision-making mechanism of public demand supply, further strengthen the organization and management of public demand supply, and further improve the inspection and evaluation of public demand supply. Specific policy recommendations are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A811

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