【摘要】：本文在科學發(fā)展觀的指導下，結合我國實際情況，借鑒國外成功經(jīng)驗，，論證了我國現(xiàn)代化的生態(tài)轉向是必然趨勢以及提出了現(xiàn)代化生態(tài)轉向的求解路徑。 現(xiàn)代化是人類孜孜以求的共同理想，為了實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，中國共產(chǎn)黨領導中國人民不斷進行探索并最終確立了到本世紀中葉基本實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的宏偉目標。從建國之初的“四個現(xiàn)代化”，到高度文明和高度民主，到富強、民主、文明的現(xiàn)代化目標，到經(jīng)濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設的“四位一體”，到中共十八大提出的經(jīng)濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態(tài)建設“五位一體”的現(xiàn)代化總體布局，中國的現(xiàn)代化事業(yè)不斷向前發(fā)展。 現(xiàn)代化之路并不是一帆風順的。前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。在發(fā)展進程中，我們遇到了各種各樣的生態(tài)問題，資源約束趨緊，礦產(chǎn)資源、水資源、土地資源、森林資源表現(xiàn)出了總量不足且人均量少、消耗量大、地區(qū)分布不均衡、浪費嚴重的困境；環(huán)境污染嚴重表現(xiàn)在以河流、地表（下）水為主的水污染、以PM2.5為主的空氣污染、以城市垃圾為主的固體廢棄物污染等困境；生態(tài)系統(tǒng)失衡表現(xiàn)在脆弱生態(tài)環(huán)境下的水土流失、極端天氣的頻發(fā)、生物物種多樣性銳減的困境，這些無一不阻礙了現(xiàn)代化進程。究其原因，首先表現(xiàn)在生態(tài)價值觀的偏頗，稀缺性資源觀和環(huán)境公平道德觀的淡薄、異化消費觀和片面經(jīng)濟發(fā)展觀的橫行；其次是不完善的政府管理制度，滯后的法律機制、非科學的決策機制、低效率的執(zhí)行機制以及不健全的監(jiān)督機制；最后是傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟技術手段，黑色的資源能源結構、粗放型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式以及過度科學技術的應用，違背了科學技術的初衷。 走出現(xiàn)代化生態(tài)困境的出路就是實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的生態(tài)轉向，現(xiàn)代化的生態(tài)轉向是順應時代、符合民心的必然之舉�，F(xiàn)代化的生態(tài)轉向是科學發(fā)展觀的內(nèi)在要求，生態(tài)文明是現(xiàn)代化的重要內(nèi)容。要實現(xiàn)我國現(xiàn)代化的生態(tài)轉向，首先要樹立生態(tài)價值觀，包括樹立資源稀缺觀、公平的道德觀、綠色的消費觀以及科學的發(fā)展觀；其次要完善政府管理制度，包括完善法律機制、決策機制、執(zhí)行機制以及監(jiān)督機制；最后還要加強經(jīng)濟技術手段，實現(xiàn)低碳化資源能源結構、集約型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式、合理的生態(tài)技術的使用。這樣才能從根本上實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的生態(tài)轉向，才能最終實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的奮斗目標。
[Abstract]:Under the guidance of the scientific concept of development, combined with the actual situation of our country, and drawing on the successful experience of foreign countries, this paper proves that the ecological turn of modernization in our country is an inevitable trend and puts forward the solution path of the ecological turn of modernization. Modernization is the common ideal of mankind. In order to realize modernization, the Communist Party of China led the Chinese people to explore and finally established the grand goal of basically realizing modernization by the middle of this century. From the "four modernizations" at the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China to the highly civilized and highly democratic, to the modernization objectives of prosperity, democracy and civilization, to the "four-in-one" of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction. To the overall layout of the "five-in-one" modernization of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, and ecological construction proposed by the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's modernization cause has continued to move forward. The road to modernization is not plain sailing. The future is bright and the road is tortuous. In the process of development, we have encountered various ecological problems, such as the tightening of resource constraints, mineral resources, water resources, land resources and forest resources, which show that the total amount is insufficient, the per capita quantity is small, the consumption is large, and the regional distribution is not balanced. Squandering serious dilemmas; The serious environmental pollution is caused by the water pollution of rivers, surface water, PM2.5, solid waste and so on. The imbalance of ecosystem is reflected in soil and water loss in fragile ecological environment, frequent occurrence of extreme weather, and the dilemma of decreasing biodiversity of biological species, all of which hinder the process of modernization. The reason lies in the biases of ecological values, the scarcity of resources and environmental justice, the alienation of consumption and one-sided economic development view. Secondly, the imperfect government management system, the lagging legal mechanism, the unscientific decision-making mechanism, the inefficient execution mechanism and the imperfect supervision mechanism; Finally, the traditional economic and technological means, black resource and energy structure, extensive economic development mode and the application of excessive science and technology are against the original intention of science and technology. The way out of the dilemma of modern ecology is to realize the ecological turn of modernization, and the ecological turn of modernization is an inevitable act in keeping with the times and in keeping with the people's hearts. The ecological turn of modernization is the inherent requirement of the scientific development view, and ecological civilization is the important content of modernization. In order to realize the ecological turn of our country's modernization, we must first set up ecological values, including the concept of scarcity of resources, fair morality, green consumption and scientific development; Secondly, we should perfect the government management system, including the legal mechanism, the decision-making mechanism, the executive mechanism and the supervision mechanism. Finally, economic and technological means should be strengthened to realize the structure of low-carbon resources and energy, intensive economic development mode and rational use of ecological technology. Only in this way can the ecological turn of modernization be realized fundamentally and the goal of modernization be realized finally.
【學位授予單位】：北京化工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D616

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