【摘要】：文化是社會生活整體的重要組成部分，它同政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系緊密。隨著我國改革開放的不斷深入，文化建設(shè)和發(fā)展的問題日趨重要。縱觀世界文化的發(fā)展趨勢，文化在綜合國力競爭中越來越凸顯其重要的地位和作用，要想在國際文化影響中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢，加強(qiáng)文化建設(shè)，增強(qiáng)國家文化軟實(shí)力勢在必行。列寧是馬克思主義偉大事業(yè)的繼承者，是世界上第一個(gè)社會主義國家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，他從一開始就預(yù)見到文化建設(shè)在社會主義建設(shè)中的重要性。在指導(dǎo)蘇維埃俄國社會主義建設(shè)中，列寧社會建設(shè)思想得到了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展和完善。改革開放以來，我們黨一直對文化建設(shè)工作十分重視，尤其十七屆六中全會上明確提出了文化發(fā)展的具體方略。學(xué)界對列寧的文化觀問題研究如雨后春筍般大量涌現(xiàn)，其中的一些研究結(jié)合中國的實(shí)際情況闡述了列寧文化觀對中國的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，大大發(fā)展了有中國特色的社會主義文化理論。本文深入挖掘和整理列寧文化觀，不僅可以全面而準(zhǔn)確地把握和理解列寧社會主義理論，更對我國社會主義文化建設(shè)進(jìn)行理論指導(dǎo)。 本文除引言部分正文主要從以下四方面論述列寧文化觀及其當(dāng)代價(jià)值。 第一部分主要對列寧文化觀產(chǎn)生的歷史背景和理論基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行分析，回答列寧文化觀何以存在及得以存在的歷史背景的前提性問題。首先，分析了列寧文化觀產(chǎn)生的歷史背景。沙皇專制統(tǒng)治下的俄國，政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化教育等制度腐朽落后，人民生活愈加困難，命運(yùn)多舛。其次，十月革命一聲炮響，俄國進(jìn)入社會主義時(shí)代，列寧開始建立世界上第一個(gè)社會主義國家，必然面臨種種困難。在國際國內(nèi)的各種復(fù)雜形勢下，，列寧對于國家的建設(shè)有了更加深入的思考。最后從科技革命影響來看，科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步帶來了人們思想領(lǐng)域的變化，列寧的文化觀也與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，并開拓了新的領(lǐng)域。 第二部分主要闡述了列寧文化觀的發(fā)展軌跡。根據(jù)列寧的思想著作和國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對列寧文化思想研究成果的分析，對列寧文化觀從早期和晚期兩個(gè)時(shí)間分段進(jìn)行思想劃分，分別梳理了列寧在早期和晚期文化思想的著作和文章，并對列寧的文化思想做基本簡要的概括，使我們能夠?qū)α袑幬幕^有一個(gè)清晰地脈絡(luò)認(rèn)識。列寧早期文化思想處于理論創(chuàng)設(shè)階段，基于俄國當(dāng)時(shí)的社會狀況，列寧開始關(guān)注文化建設(shè)，其文化觀萌芽。十月革命后，列寧不斷進(jìn)行探索和實(shí)踐，并最終形成了其晚期較為成熟和完善的文化觀。 第三部分主要分析了列寧文化觀的主要內(nèi)容和基本特征。對列寧的主要文化建設(shè)思想和實(shí)踐遞進(jìn)的發(fā)展關(guān)系進(jìn)行了敘述。著重探討了列寧關(guān)于“兩種文化”理論、批判地繼承文化遺產(chǎn)、發(fā)展教育事業(yè)、加強(qiáng)執(zhí)政黨自身建設(shè)和執(zhí)政能力、“文化革命”思想等內(nèi)容。此外，逐一細(xì)致地分析了列寧文化觀的基本特征：求實(shí)性與指導(dǎo)性，戰(zhàn)略性與預(yù)見性，繼承性與創(chuàng)新性，世界性與民族性，系統(tǒng)性與科學(xué)性。 第四部分論述了列寧文化觀的歷史地位和當(dāng)代價(jià)值。列寧的文化思想理論大大豐富了馬克思主義文化觀，在革命理論和實(shí)踐上保證了俄國十月革命的勝利，鞏固了蘇維埃政權(quán)。同時(shí)，在充分肯定列寧文化觀的基礎(chǔ)上，總結(jié)了其思想在當(dāng)時(shí)客觀條件下的局限性。列寧的文化觀是中國特色社會主義文化理論的理論來源，對中國社會的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展有十分重要的借鑒意義。此外，在注重人的全面發(fā)展、建設(shè)社會主義文化強(qiáng)國和加強(qiáng)黨的執(zhí)政能力等方面都具有及其重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 今天的中國，改革開放進(jìn)入到一個(gè)攻堅(jiān)時(shí)期，面臨國內(nèi)外各種復(fù)雜情況和挑戰(zhàn)，重溫列寧的這一極具歷史前瞻性和借鑒性的思想，既是十分必要的，也是歷史必然。
[Abstract]:Culture is an integral part of social life. It is closely related to politics and economy. With the deepening of China's reform and opening-up, the issue of cultural construction and development is becoming more and more important. In view of the development trend of world culture, culture is becoming more and more important in the competition of comprehensive national strength. It is imperative to take advantage of the influence of international culture, strengthen cultural construction and strengthen the soft power of national culture. Lenin was the leader of the great cause of Marxism and the leader of the first socialist country in the world, and he foresaw the importance of cultural construction in the construction of socialism from the beginning. In guiding the socialist construction of Soviet Russia, Lenin's social construction thought was further developed and perfected. Since the reform and opening-up, our Party has always attached great importance to cultural construction, especially at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee. The study of Lenin's cultural outlook has sprung up in the academic circles, some of which combined with the actual situation of China, expounded the realistic significance of Lenin's cultural outlook on China, and greatly developed the socialist cultural theory with Chinese characteristics. In this paper, we can fully and accurately grasp and understand Lenin's theory of culture, and provide theoretical guidance to the construction of socialist culture in our country. In addition to the introduction, the text mainly discusses the concept of Lenin's culture from the following four aspects: The first part analyzes the historical background and the theoretical basis of Lenin's cultural view, and answers the historical back of the existence and existence of Lenin's cultural view. On the premise of view, first, analyze Lenin's culture concept. The historical background of the generation is that the system of Russia, politics, economy, culture and education under the autocratic rule of the Tsar is backward and the people live more and more Second, with the revolution of October Revolution, Russia entered the socialist era, and Lenin began to establish the first socialist country in the world. Facing all kinds of difficulties, Lenin's construction of the country in various complex situations in the international country In the end, from the influence of science and technology revolution, the progress of science and technology has brought about the change of people's thought field, and Lenin's cultural outlook keeps pace with the times. A new field is developed, and the second part is mainly elaborated. On the basis of Lenin's thought works and the analysis of Lenin's cultural thought research results at home and abroad, Lenin's culture concept was divided into two sections from both early and late stages. The works and articles of the cultural thoughts of the period and the basic brief summary of Lenin's cultural thoughts make us able to have a culture of Lenin's culture. The idea of Lenin's early culture was at the stage of theoretical creation, and Lenin began to pay attention to the social situation of Russia at that time. After the October Revolution, Lenin continued to explore and practice, and finally formed its late stage The third part is mainly analyzed. The main contents and basic characteristics of Lenin's cultural outlook. It mainly discusses Lenin's theory of 鈥渢wo cultures鈥

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