【摘要】：作為人學(xué)史乃至整個(gè)人類思想史上的寶貴財(cái)富,馬克思主義自誕生之日起,就把人的發(fā)展問題置于重要地位。馬克思主義人學(xué)十分關(guān)注人的生存狀況和現(xiàn)實(shí)境遇,馬克思本人通過對(duì)資本主義條件下人的發(fā)展日趨片面的困境的揭露和分析,極富卓識(shí)地指出了人的發(fā)展的價(jià)值追求和最終方向——自由全面地發(fā)展�？梢哉f,這是整個(gè)人學(xué)史對(duì)人的發(fā)展前途最完美的藍(lán)圖描繪。當(dāng)代中國,人們一度把人的發(fā)展簡單理解為物質(zhì)的絕對(duì)豐富和經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,卻忽視了單純的財(cái)富增長給生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來的壓力,忽視了社會(huì)發(fā)展與人的發(fā)展的平衡,也就實(shí)際忽視了人作為目的本身的真正發(fā)展。人的發(fā)展有自由、全面的要求,而現(xiàn)實(shí)條件卻并未能滿足和實(shí)現(xiàn)這一要求,甚至走向相反的方向,這個(gè)時(shí)候,我們需要把目光投向馬克思主義人學(xué)。用馬克思關(guān)于人的自由全面發(fā)展理論來審視和反思當(dāng)下人的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,論證其原因,探索其路徑,不失為一種合理的選擇。論文以問題為導(dǎo)向,堅(jiān)持文本研究與現(xiàn)實(shí)觀照相結(jié)合,科學(xué)原則與價(jià)值原則相統(tǒng)一展開研究,考察了馬克思人的自由全面發(fā)展理論的思想淵源、形成過程,著重闡述了該理論的基本內(nèi)容:在人與自然方面表現(xiàn)為人的勞動(dòng)能力的不斷提高;在人與社會(huì)方面表現(xiàn)為人的社會(huì)關(guān)系的全面豐富;在人與自身方面表現(xiàn)為需求的充分滿足和個(gè)性的自由發(fā)展。總結(jié)了當(dāng)前我國在人的發(fā)展方面所面臨的主要矛盾和問題:在人與自然的關(guān)系上,一方面人們改造自然的能力大幅增強(qiáng),另一方面也造成了人與自然關(guān)系的惡化;在人與社會(huì)的關(guān)系上,一方面人的社會(huì)性越來越豐富,另一方面人的能力卻日趨片面;在人與自身的關(guān)系上,一方面人的個(gè)性發(fā)展相對(duì)自由,另一方面人的思想、心理矛盾突出。最后在該理論的觀照下,為促進(jìn)人的自由全面發(fā)展的實(shí)踐路徑展開了一些思考和探究。
[Abstract]:As a precious wealth in the history of human studies and the whole history of human thought, Marxism has placed the development of human beings in an important position since its birth. Marxist anthropology pays great attention to the living conditions and realistic circumstances of human beings. Marx himself exposed and analyzed the increasingly one-sided predicament of human development under the capitalist conditions. It also points out the value pursuit and final direction of human development-free and comprehensive development. It can be said that this is the entire history of human development of the most perfect blueprint for the future. In contemporary China, people once understood the development of human beings as absolute abundance of material and rapid development of economy, but ignored the pressure on ecological environment brought by pure growth of wealth, and neglected the balance between social development and human development. It also ignores the real development of human being as the aim itself. The development of human beings has the requirement of freedom and comprehensive, but the realistic condition can not satisfy and realize this demand, even go in the opposite direction. At this time, we need to look to Marxist humanism. It is a reasonable choice to use Marx's theory of human's free and all-round development to examine and reflect on the present situation of human's development, to prove its reasons, and to explore its path. The thesis is problem-oriented, adheres to the combination of text research and realistic view, unifies the scientific principle and the value principle, and examines the ideological origin and forming process of Marx's theory of free and all-round development of human beings. The basic contents of the theory are described emphatically: the continuous improvement of human's labor ability in the aspect of man and nature, the comprehensive enrichment of human's social relationship in the aspect of man and society; In terms of people and themselves, the full satisfaction of needs and the free development of personality. This paper summarizes the main contradictions and problems in the development of human beings in our country at present: on the one hand, the ability of people to transform nature is greatly enhanced, on the other hand, it also causes the deterioration of the relationship between man and nature; In the relationship between people and society, on the one hand, people's sociality is becoming richer and richer, on the other hand, people's abilities are becoming more and more one-sided; in the relationship between people and themselves, on the one hand, people's personality develops relatively freely, on the other hand, people's thoughts, Psychological contradictions stand out. Finally, under the view of the theory, some thoughts and explorations are carried out for the practical path of promoting the free and all-round development of human beings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：A81

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