【摘要】：作為偉大的馬克思主義者,毛澤東在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中國(guó)革命和建設(shè)的過程中,在謹(jǐn)慎地推敲和研討什么是馬克思主義、怎樣對(duì)待馬克思主義等問題的基礎(chǔ)上,他的馬克思主義觀得以形成。毛澤東在不同時(shí)期對(duì)馬克思主義的見解和看法,有不同的側(cè)重點(diǎn),由此構(gòu)成了內(nèi)容豐富的毛澤東的馬克思主義觀。其中,“文革”時(shí)期就是其重要組成部分。“文革”時(shí)期,是毛澤東探索社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的特殊時(shí)期,反思毛澤東在“文革”時(shí)期的馬克思主義觀,對(duì)于研究馬克思主義與推進(jìn)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義具有重要意義。本文希望通過歸納概括“文革”時(shí)期毛澤東的馬克思主義觀,總結(jié)這一時(shí)期的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),這是本文的寫作目標(biāo)。本文共分為四個(gè)部分:第一部分:馬克思主義觀的理解與詮釋。馬克思主義具有豐富的內(nèi)容。從不同的角度去“觀”馬克思主義,就會(huì)得出不同的結(jié)論。馬克思主義觀的內(nèi)涵十分豐富,但其基本內(nèi)涵是對(duì)“什么是馬克思主義”和“如何對(duì)待馬克思主義”的認(rèn)識(shí)。本文的切入點(diǎn)就是理解與闡釋馬克思主義觀,在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上,分析歸納了毛澤東的馬克思主義觀的內(nèi)涵。第二部分:“文革”時(shí)期毛澤東馬克思主義觀的形成。毛澤東“文革”時(shí)期馬克思主義觀的形成與發(fā)展深受當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)內(nèi)外政治經(jīng)濟(jì)情勢(shì)的影響,這些影響,積極方面與消極因素相互滲透,它們都從不同的側(cè)面給這一時(shí)期毛澤東的馬克思主義觀打上歷史的烙印。國(guó)際環(huán)境對(duì)“文革”時(shí)期毛澤東馬克思主義觀形成的影響因素,分為三個(gè)方面:一是中蘇關(guān)系的分歧和論戰(zhàn);二是對(duì)和平演變圖謀的警惕;三是全球民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)的高漲。國(guó)內(nèi)環(huán)境對(duì)“文革”時(shí)期毛澤東馬克思主義觀形成的影響因素,可以從兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析:一是“文革”時(shí)期毛澤東馬克思主義觀形成的客觀原因,二是“文革”時(shí)期毛澤東馬克思主義觀形成的主觀原因。第三部分:“文革”時(shí)期毛澤東馬克思主義觀的內(nèi)容。文章以“什么是馬克思主義”和“怎樣對(duì)待馬克思主義”為切入點(diǎn),對(duì)“文革”時(shí)期毛澤東對(duì)馬克思主義的認(rèn)識(shí)進(jìn)行了分析。第四部分:對(duì)“文革”時(shí)期毛澤東馬克思主義觀的評(píng)價(jià)�！拔母铩睍r(shí)期毛澤東的馬克思主義觀的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是復(fù)雜性,文章通過分析它的意義和不足,提出了四點(diǎn)啟示:真理性的馬克思主義需要用真理性的態(tài)度對(duì)待;馬克思主義是指導(dǎo)思想,但我們必須理解“指導(dǎo)”的本真含義;馬克思主義是在實(shí)踐中摸索前行的,它的發(fā)展必須結(jié)合中國(guó)的國(guó)情與現(xiàn)實(shí);馬克思主義要不斷地成長(zhǎng),經(jīng)受實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)的才是真正的中國(guó)化的馬克思主義。
[Abstract]:As a great Marxist, in the course of leading the Chinese revolution and construction, Mao Zedong carefully deliberated and discussed what is Marxism and how to deal with it. His Marxist view was formed. Mao Zedong's views on Marxism in different periods have different emphases, which constitute Mao Zedong's Marxist views. Among them, the Cultural Revolution period is an important part of it. The period of "Cultural Revolution" is a special period for Mao Zedong to explore the construction of socialism. It is of great significance to reflect on Mao Zedong's view of Marxism in the period of "Cultural Revolution" for studying Marxism and promoting socialism with Chinese characteristics. This paper hopes to sum up the Marxist view of Mao Zedong during the "Cultural Revolution", and sum up the experience and lessons of this period, which is the writing goal of this paper. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part: the understanding and interpretation of Marxist view. Marxism is rich in content. To view Marxism from different angles will lead to different conclusions. The connotation of Marxism is very rich, but its basic connotation is the understanding of "what is Marxism" and "how to treat Marxism". The breakthrough point of this paper is to understand and explain the Marxist view. On this basis, the connotation of Mao Zedong's Marxist view is analyzed and summarized. The second part: the formation of Mao Zedong Marxism during the Cultural Revolution. The formation and development of Marxist view during the Mao Zedong "Cultural Revolution" was deeply influenced by the political and economic situation at home and abroad at that time. These influences, positive aspects and negative factors, permeated each other. They all put the mark of history on Mao Zedong's view of Marxism in this period from different aspects. The influence of international environment on the formation of Mao Zedong Marxism during the Cultural Revolution can be divided into three aspects: first, the differences and controversies between China and the Soviet Union; second, vigilance against peaceful evolution; and third, the upsurge of the global national liberation movement. The influence factors of domestic environment on the formation of Mao Zedong Marxism during the Cultural Revolution can be analyzed from two aspects: first, the objective reasons for the formation of Mao Zedong Marxism during the Cultural Revolution. The second is the subjective reason of the formation of Mao Zedong Marxism during the Cultural Revolution. The third part: the content of Mao Zedong Marxism during the Cultural Revolution. Based on "what is Marxism" and "how to treat Marxism", this paper analyzes Mao Zedong's understanding of Marxism during the Cultural Revolution. The fourth part: the evaluation of Mao Zedong Marxism during the Cultural Revolution. One of the remarkable features of Mao Zedong's Marxist view during the Cultural Revolution was complexity. By analyzing its significance and deficiency, the article puts forward four enlightenments: genuine Marxism needs to be treated with the attitude of truth; Marxism is the guiding ideology, but we must understand the true meaning of "guidance"; Marxism is groping ahead in practice, and its development must be combined with China's national conditions and reality. It is the true Sinicization of Marxism that has been tested in practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：A84

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