馬克思與海德格爾生存論比較研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-05 12:41
【摘要】：哲學是時代精神的精華，馬克思和海德格爾的生存論所關(guān)照的俱是他們二人所處時代中的人現(xiàn)實的生存困境，二者對人的生存問題進行了深入的思考，對以往的西方傳統(tǒng)哲學的生存觀進行了深刻的批判，為現(xiàn)代生存論的發(fā)展提供了新的范式與思路，對當代人的生存具有啟示性的意義。然而，晚于馬克思的海德格爾的生存論卻存在其自身無法擺脫的理論困境，本文試圖通過對馬克思和海德格爾二者的比較指出海德格爾生存論的局限性，為當代人的生存提供一條真實可行的解放之路。 論文第一部分的內(nèi)容是筆者對兩位哲學家生存論思想的梳理與闡述：對海德格爾生存論的理解主要是按其思想的邏輯分為前后期兩個部分，其前期生存論思想是以“此在”為中心，從“此在”的在世結(jié)構(gòu)入手，展開“此在”在世狀態(tài)，由此指向人沉淪為常人而后通過向死而生達到“此在”自由本真的生存，其后期的生存論思想的關(guān)鍵詞為座架，批判了科學技術(shù)對于人的生存的束縛，若想實現(xiàn)人的本真生存則要回歸到詩意的棲居。對于馬克思生存論的理解則圍繞實踐展開，馬克思的生存論以實踐為出發(fā)點，指出人的生存本質(zhì)的實現(xiàn)是建立在自由自覺的實踐活動基礎(chǔ)上的，，并指出在私有制的經(jīng)濟制度下，人的實踐活動表現(xiàn)為異化勞動，人的生存亦是異化的，要揚棄異化實現(xiàn)人的自由與解放就要揚棄私有制，實現(xiàn)共產(chǎn)主義。 論文的第二部分則是對馬克思和海德格爾的生存論進行比較，指出二者思想存在的相通與相異：相通之處是通過思維方式、理論落腳點以及對人的生存本質(zhì)的認識三個方面來進行比較得出的；相異之處則是通過對二者的理論視野、邏輯起點以及對人的生存價值旨趣的追求三個方面進行比較得出的。通過對于二者生存論思想相通與相異之處的比較，引出海德格爾生存論的局限性以及馬克思生存論對前者的超越性。 本文的最后一章筆者具體分析了海德格爾思想的理論困境以及馬克思生存論的超越性，表明馬克思的生存論思想對現(xiàn)代人超越生存困境的指導意義。
[Abstract]:Philosophy is the essence of the spirit of the times, Marx and Heidegger's theory of existence are all concerned with the survival dilemma of the people in their times. This paper makes a profound criticism on the traditional western philosophy of existence, which provides a new paradigm and train of thought for the development of modern existentialism, and has enlightening significance for the survival of contemporary people. However, after Marx's theory of existence, Heidegger's theory of existence has its own theoretical dilemma, this paper attempts to point out the limitations of Heidegger's theory of existence through the comparison between Marx and Heidegger. For the survival of contemporary people to provide a real and feasible road to liberation. The first part of the thesis is the author's combing and expounding of the two philosophers' existentialism: the understanding of Heidegger's existentialism is divided into two parts according to the logic of his thought. His early existentialism thought is centered on "this being", starting with the living structure of "this being", and developing "this being" in the living state, thus pointing to the fact that man is sinking into ordinary people and then living through death to achieve the existence of "this being" in the nature of freedom. The key word of his later existentialism thought is seat frame, which criticizes the restriction of science and technology to man's existence. If he wants to realize his real existence, he must return to his poetic dwelling. The understanding of Marx's existentialism revolves around practice. Marx's existentialism takes practice as the starting point, points out that the realization of human existence essence is based on free and conscious practical activities, and points out that under the economic system of private ownership, The practice of human being is characterized by alienation of labor and existence of human being. If we want to sublate alienation and realize human freedom and liberation, we must sublate private ownership and realize communism. The second part of the paper is to compare Marx's and Heidegger's existential theory, and point out that the existence of the two ideas is common and different: the common point is through the mode of thinking. The theoretical foothold and the understanding of the essence of human existence are compared in three aspects; the differences are drawn from the theoretical field of vision, the logical starting point and the pursuit of human survival value purport. By comparing the similarities and differences between the two existentialism ideas, the limitations of Heidegger's existentialism and the transcendence of Marx's existentialism to the former are drawn. In the last chapter, the author analyzes the theoretical dilemma of Heidegger's thought and the transcendence of Marx's existentialism, which indicates the guiding significance of Marx's existentialism to modern man's surpassing the existential dilemma.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：B516.54;A811
本文編號：2165828
[Abstract]:Philosophy is the essence of the spirit of the times, Marx and Heidegger's theory of existence are all concerned with the survival dilemma of the people in their times. This paper makes a profound criticism on the traditional western philosophy of existence, which provides a new paradigm and train of thought for the development of modern existentialism, and has enlightening significance for the survival of contemporary people. However, after Marx's theory of existence, Heidegger's theory of existence has its own theoretical dilemma, this paper attempts to point out the limitations of Heidegger's theory of existence through the comparison between Marx and Heidegger. For the survival of contemporary people to provide a real and feasible road to liberation. The first part of the thesis is the author's combing and expounding of the two philosophers' existentialism: the understanding of Heidegger's existentialism is divided into two parts according to the logic of his thought. His early existentialism thought is centered on "this being", starting with the living structure of "this being", and developing "this being" in the living state, thus pointing to the fact that man is sinking into ordinary people and then living through death to achieve the existence of "this being" in the nature of freedom. The key word of his later existentialism thought is seat frame, which criticizes the restriction of science and technology to man's existence. If he wants to realize his real existence, he must return to his poetic dwelling. The understanding of Marx's existentialism revolves around practice. Marx's existentialism takes practice as the starting point, points out that the realization of human existence essence is based on free and conscious practical activities, and points out that under the economic system of private ownership, The practice of human being is characterized by alienation of labor and existence of human being. If we want to sublate alienation and realize human freedom and liberation, we must sublate private ownership and realize communism. The second part of the paper is to compare Marx's and Heidegger's existential theory, and point out that the existence of the two ideas is common and different: the common point is through the mode of thinking. The theoretical foothold and the understanding of the essence of human existence are compared in three aspects; the differences are drawn from the theoretical field of vision, the logical starting point and the pursuit of human survival value purport. By comparing the similarities and differences between the two existentialism ideas, the limitations of Heidegger's existentialism and the transcendence of Marx's existentialism to the former are drawn. In the last chapter, the author analyzes the theoretical dilemma of Heidegger's thought and the transcendence of Marx's existentialism, which indicates the guiding significance of Marx's existentialism to modern man's surpassing the existential dilemma.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：B516.54;A811
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