發(fā)布時間：2018-06-12 08:12

  本文選題：馬克思恩格斯 + 制度思想��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：迄今人類史上所有的社會形態(tài),均以制度的不同而顯現(xiàn)出發(fā)展水平的差異。在社會主義制度之前,人類史上所有的社會制度,均擁有一段推動社會進(jìn)步的輝煌歷史,并在此后迎來必然的衰落與變遷,進(jìn)而步入更為高級的發(fā)展階段。對于這些現(xiàn)象,馬克思和恩格斯以唯物史觀的視野展開了對人類社會制度發(fā)展的分析與研究,對社會制度的含義、構(gòu)成、作用以及產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展、變遷等方面進(jìn)行了深入的考察,在研讀大量史料、吸收并揚棄了歐洲先賢與同時代其他學(xué)者的思想之后,形成了屬于他們自己的具有獨創(chuàng)性的制度思想。國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界對于馬克思恩格斯制度思想的研究取得了較為豐富的學(xué)術(shù)成果,但對于這一思想的內(nèi)涵探究以及制度變遷思想等方面尚存不同意見。本文對馬克思和恩格斯的制度思想進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究,并結(jié)合馬克思和恩格斯的思想理論創(chuàng)立與發(fā)展的歷史背景,以及兩位偉人的著作和當(dāng)代學(xué)者們的理論成果,對馬克思和恩格斯的制度思想進(jìn)行了深入地整理與發(fā)掘,力圖把馬克思恩格斯制度思想的全貌展現(xiàn)出來。與此同時,也結(jié)合了對這一思想的新認(rèn)識,適時適度地表達(dá)了對制度問題的新思考。本文共分為六章:第一章,緒論。闡明了論文的選題緣起及意義、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、研究思路與方法、論文的創(chuàng)新與不足。第二章,馬克思恩格斯制度思想的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展。主要論述了馬克思恩格斯制度思想的產(chǎn)生背景、理論基礎(chǔ)及發(fā)展過程。馬克思和恩格斯生活的年代,資本主義制度正在歐洲獲得廣泛的確立與發(fā)展,盡管大幅度地推進(jìn)了社會生產(chǎn)力,但由于其自身不可調(diào)和的矛盾,使該制度的致命缺陷日益明顯地暴露出來。在這一時代背景下,青年馬克思和恩格斯在批判地繼承霍布斯、洛克和盧梭的社會契約論、黑格爾的市民社會與國家理論、費爾巴哈的人的本質(zhì)的思想基礎(chǔ)上,實現(xiàn)了對這些思想家的理論與思想的超越,并通過協(xié)力探索最終形成了他們自己的制度思想。第三章,馬克思恩格斯對制度的界定及研究制度的方法。主要闡釋了馬克思和恩格斯對制度的基本界定。通過對制度一詞進(jìn)行詞源學(xué)的考察以及西方學(xué)者對制度的認(rèn)識,歸納出制度的通常定義,即特定社會的規(guī)則和規(guī)范系統(tǒng)。相比之下,馬克思與恩格斯實際上是將制度看作為一個具有兩個層次的系統(tǒng):處于第一個層次的是居基礎(chǔ)地位的經(jīng)濟制度,它的性質(zhì)決定整個社會制度系統(tǒng)的性質(zhì);處于第二個層次的則是社會上層建筑中的政治制度、法律制度與意識形態(tài),它們的存在將維護(hù)經(jīng)濟制度性質(zhì)的穩(wěn)定。以馬克思和恩格斯對制度的定義為基礎(chǔ),進(jìn)一步揭示了制度的本質(zhì)與特性,探析了制度的結(jié)構(gòu)與作用。馬克思和恩格斯對于制度的研究,采用的是一種從人與自然的關(guān)系入手、引入生產(chǎn)實踐與交往實踐的概念、厘清個人與整體之間的辯證關(guān)系、進(jìn)而將宏觀與微觀相結(jié)合的研究方法,即制度整體主義研究方法。第四章,馬克思恩格斯的制度變遷思想。首先闡述人在制度變遷中所起到的主體性作用;之后從兩個角度揭示制度變遷的動力:一個是作為根本推進(jìn)力的生產(chǎn)力與生產(chǎn)關(guān)系之間的矛盾運動,另一個是作為直接推動力的社會利益關(guān)系的變更需求。除此之外,推動社會制度變遷的還有諸多非經(jīng)濟因素的作用。有關(guān)制度變遷的路徑,馬克思和恩格斯指出了革命與改革兩種基本路徑:前者是指改變舊制度創(chuàng)立新制度;后者是指對現(xiàn)有制度的不斷完善。同時強調(diào),在選擇了一定路徑的前提下,制度變遷主體還需根據(jù)實際情況采取不同的具體策略,以保證這一路徑下制度變遷進(jìn)程的順利展開�？傊�,無論是路徑還是策略,變遷主體都必須從實際出發(fā),做出符合歷史規(guī)律的選擇。第五章,馬克思恩格斯的制度倫理思想。以馬克思主義唯物史觀為理論出發(fā)點,結(jié)合馬克思和恩格斯的相關(guān)文本,本章將從“制度與人的實踐”、“制度與人的道德”、“制度與人的自由”三個層面分別闡述馬克思恩格斯制度倫理思想的主要內(nèi)涵。在這一部分中,重點要將“制度是人的制度”、“道德是制度的道德”、“人創(chuàng)造制度的目標(biāo)是追求自由與解放”的觀點通過對上述三個層面的論述表現(xiàn)出來。第六章,馬克思恩格斯制度思想的歷史價值與面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。通過闡明馬克思恩格斯制度思想在歷史上的價值與面臨的挑戰(zhàn)以及在應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)中獲得的新發(fā)展,得出馬克思恩格斯制度思想在“社會主義國家的制度革命”、“社會主義國家的制度建設(shè)”、“社會主義國家的制度改革”等具體的制度實踐當(dāng)中所起到的方法論指導(dǎo)作用,表明社會主義中國在當(dāng)代貫徹馬克思恩格斯制度思想的必要性與重要性。本章的重點在于強調(diào),盡管面臨諸多的挑戰(zhàn),但馬克思和恩格斯的制度思想通過在俄國、中國等社會主義國家的制度變遷與制度建設(shè)實踐發(fā)揮重大的指導(dǎo)性作用,捍衛(wèi)了自身的真理性。同時,作為社會主義國家制度建設(shè)與改革的理論依據(jù),馬克思恩格斯制度思想在偉大踐行者的手中獲得了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展,印證了其與時俱進(jìn)的理論品質(zhì)。論文的創(chuàng)新點,主要體現(xiàn)在如下四方面:一是將馬克思和恩格斯對制度的理解同古代的文獻(xiàn)與西方學(xué)者的觀點進(jìn)行了比較,以此為基礎(chǔ),對馬克思恩格斯制度思想中制度的定義進(jìn)行了重新的歸納與總結(jié),并對馬克思和恩格斯對制度的本質(zhì)、特征、結(jié)構(gòu)、作用的理解進(jìn)行了重新認(rèn)識與闡述。二是在全面闡釋馬克思和恩格斯對于制度變遷主體與制度變遷動力的基礎(chǔ)上,系統(tǒng)地論述了兩位偉人對于制度變遷路徑的基本觀點,并對在既定的路徑下選擇何種具體的策略進(jìn)行了深入的探討。三是梳理與研究了馬克思恩格斯制度思想中制度倫理思想的主要內(nèi)容,并以馬克思和恩格斯的文本為依據(jù),從制度與人的實踐、制度與人的道德、制度與人的自由三個角度對該思想的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了富有層次的闡述。四是深入探討了馬克思恩格斯制度思想的歷史價值與重要影響,同時對這一思想所受到的理論挑戰(zhàn)進(jìn)行了較為詳盡的論述,并對當(dāng)代馬克思主義者在具體實踐中通過應(yīng)對理論挑戰(zhàn)而使馬克思恩格斯制度思想不斷獲得創(chuàng)新發(fā)展進(jìn)行了探究。
[Abstract]:All the social forms in the history of human history have shown the difference in the level of development by the different systems. Before the socialist system, all social systems in the history of human history have a glorious history to promote social progress, and then usher in the inevitable decline and change, and then step into a more advanced stage of development. Some phenomena, Marx and Engels carried out an analysis and Research on the development of human social system in the view of historical materialism, and carried out a thorough investigation on the meaning, composition, function, production, development and change of the social system, read a lot of historical data, absorbed and abandoned the thoughts of the European sages and the other scholars of the same time. It has formed the original system thought of their own. The academic circles at home and abroad have made more abundant academic achievements on the study of Marx and Engels system thought, but there are still different opinions on the connotation exploration of this thought and the ideology of institutional change. The system thought of Marx and Engels is entered in this paper. On the basis of the study of the system and the historical background of the ideological and theoretical creation and development of Marx and Engels, as well as the works of the two great men and the theoretical achievements of contemporary scholars, the system thought of Marx and Engels is thoroughly sorted and excavated to show the full appearance of Marx Engels system thought. At the same time, it also combines the new understanding of this idea and expresses the new thinking of the system in a timely manner. This article is divided into six chapters: Chapter 1, introduction. It clarifies the origin and significance of the topic, the present situation at home and abroad, the research ideas and methods, the innovation and deficiency of the thesis. The second chapter, the emergence of Marx's Engels system thought. Development. It mainly discusses the background, theoretical basis and development process of Marx and Engels system thought. The era of Marx and Engels's life, the capitalist system is gaining extensive establishment and development in Europe, although the social productive forces are greatly promoted, but the system is fatal because of its own irreconcilable contradictions. In this era, young Marx and Engels, on the basis of the critical inheritance of Hobbes, Rock and Rousseau's social contract theory, Hagel's civil society and state theory and the essence of Feuerbach, realized the transcendence of the thinkers' theories and ideas. The third chapter, the third chapter, the definition of Marx and Engels's system and the method of studying the system, mainly explains the basic definition of the system by Marx and Engels. Through the study of the etymology of the word system and the understanding of the western scholars on the system, the general definition of the system is summed up. In contrast, Marx and Engels actually look at the system as a system of two levels: the first level is a basic economic system, its nature determines the quality of the whole social system; the second level is the superstructure of the society. In the political system, the legal system and the ideology, their existence will maintain the stability of the nature of the economic system. Based on the definition of the system by Marx and Engels, the essence and characteristics of the system are further revealed and the structure and function of the system are explored. The research on the system by Marx and Engels is a kind of people and the system. Starting with the relationship of nature, the concept of production practice and communication practice is introduced to clarify the dialectical relationship between individuals and the whole, and then the research method of combining macro and micro, namely, the research method of institutional holism. The fourth chapter, Marx Engels's thought of institutional change. Then it reveals the motive force of institutional change from two angles: one is the contradiction between productivity and production relations as a fundamental propelling force, and the other is the change demand of social interests as a direct driving force. In addition, there are many non economic factors to promote the social system changes. The path, Marx and Engels pointed out two basic ways of revolution and Reform: the former means to change the old system to create a new system; the latter refers to the continuous improvement of the existing system. At the same time, under the premise of choosing a certain path, the subject of institutional change needs to take different concrete strategies according to the actual situation, in order to guarantee this way. In the fifth chapter, the fifth chapter, the institutional ethics thought of Marx and Engels, based on the theory of Marx's historical materialism and the relevant texts of Marx and Engels, will be the chapter of this chapter. From three aspects of "system and man's practice", "system and man's morality", "system and man's freedom", the main connotation of Marx and Engels's system ethics is expounded respectively. In this part, the emphasis should be on "the system is human system", "morality is the moral of the system", "the goal of human creation system is freedom and the pursuit of freedom." The view of emancipation "is manifested through the discussion of the above three levels. The sixth chapter, the historical value of Marx Engels system thought and the challenge facing it. By clarifying the historical value and challenge of Marx Engels system thought and the new development in the challenge, the Marx Engels system thought is drawn." It is necessary and important for the socialist China to carry out the thought of Marx Engels in the contemporary period of "institutional revolution of socialist state", "system construction of socialist state", "system reform of socialist state" and other concrete system practice. In spite of many challenges, Marx and Engels have played an important guiding role in the institutional change and system construction practice of socialist countries such as Russia, China and other socialist countries, defending their own truth. At the same time, Max Don is the theoretical basis for the construction and reform of the socialist state system, Max Don. The idea of Gus system has been further developed in the hands of the great practitioners, and its theoretical quality is confirmed. The innovation of the thesis is mainly embodied in the following four aspects: one is to compare the understanding of Marx and Engels to the ancient literature with the views of the western scholars, on the basis of which, to Marx The definition of system in Engels's system thought is reinduction and summary, and the understanding of Marx and Engels's understanding of the essence, characteristics, structure and function of the system is re understood. Two is a systematic exposition of Marx and Engels on the basis of the main body of institutional change and the dynamic of institutional change. The basic views of the two great men on the path of institutional change, and the in-depth discussion of what specific strategies to choose under the established path. Three, the main contents of the system ethics thought in Marx and Engels system thought were combed and studied, and the system and human practice and system were based on the text of Marx and Engels. Three aspects of human morality, system and man's freedom are elaborated on the content of the thought. Four, the historical value and important influence of Marx Engels system thought are deeply discussed, and the theoretical challenge of this thought is discussed in detail, and the contemporary Marx doctrine is specific. In practice, Marx and Engels's system thought was constantly explored and innovating by coping with theoretical challenges.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：A811
，

本文編號：2008998