本文選題：馬克思 + 個(gè)體性思想��； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文是針對(duì)馬克思的個(gè)體性思想的研究。個(gè)體性問題在西方哲學(xué)史上不僅是-個(gè)重要的問題,而且也是一個(gè)備受關(guān)注的問題。從古希臘時(shí)期對(duì)個(gè)體性問題的論述,經(jīng)過基督教近千年的教化,個(gè)體性問題一直局限在哲學(xué)形而上學(xué)領(lǐng)域里,可是這種局限到后來(lái)發(fā)生了一個(gè)重要的轉(zhuǎn)變。這種轉(zhuǎn)變是在文藝復(fù)興的時(shí)候才開始的,即對(duì)個(gè)體性思想的關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)向了對(duì)人自身的重視。在伴隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)在全球的迅速崛起的同時(shí),世界歷史也隨之發(fā)生了重大的改變,翻開了新的篇章。與此同時(shí),“個(gè)人的歷史”也終于被人們所發(fā)現(xiàn),予以重視。然而,不管是從理論上來(lái)看還是從現(xiàn)實(shí)來(lái)衡量和分析,個(gè)人都很難從柏拉圖的“雙重世界”中脫離出來(lái)。德國(guó)古典哲學(xué)家在現(xiàn)代文明的發(fā)展中認(rèn)識(shí)到了這種悖論,提出了“世界公民”說,揭示出歷史的個(gè)性與歷史的普遍必然性之間形成對(duì)抗性關(guān)系,然而,最終他們針對(duì)這種對(duì)抗性所做的調(diào)整結(jié)果仍然是用犧牲感性個(gè)體為代價(jià)來(lái)?yè)Q取思辨的邏輯體系的地位。馬克思提出個(gè)體性思想,是對(duì)這種悖論最直接和最為有力的應(yīng)答。馬克思把個(gè)體性思想建立在實(shí)現(xiàn)人的個(gè)性自由和全面發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)之上,因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)歷史發(fā)展的一個(gè)最重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是通過個(gè)性的解放、個(gè)性的發(fā)展程度來(lái)衡量。文章通過對(duì)馬克思的個(gè)體性思想的研究,肯定個(gè)體在社會(huì)歷史發(fā)展中的動(dòng)力作用,進(jìn)而充分闡明馬克思的個(gè)體性思想的內(nèi)涵及其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 文章共分三部分。第一章主要論述哲學(xué)研究的一個(gè)重要課題——個(gè)體性。具體分三個(gè)時(shí)期論述不同時(shí)期哲學(xué)家的個(gè)體性思想。其一是從古希臘到文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的個(gè)體性思想的發(fā)展概述；其二是德國(guó)古典哲學(xué)家的個(gè)體性思想；其三是馬克思的個(gè)體性思想的歷史發(fā)展過程。第二章重點(diǎn)研究馬克思的個(gè)體性思想的理論內(nèi)涵。具體闡述了作為個(gè)體存在的人的本質(zhì)；個(gè)人是社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)、出發(fā)點(diǎn)和目的；個(gè)性發(fā)展是人的自由和解放的前提；個(gè)人的發(fā)展程度體現(xiàn)社會(huì)的發(fā)展程度。第三章從三個(gè)方面論述了馬克思的個(gè)體性思想的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。一方面,馬克思的個(gè)體性思想是以人為本思想的理論基礎(chǔ)。另一方面,落實(shí)馬克思的個(gè)體性思想有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的目標(biāo)。最后馬克思的個(gè)體性思想也為我們提供衡量社會(huì)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r的一個(gè)尺度。
[Abstract]:This article is aimed at Marx's individual thought research. The question of individuality is not only an important issue in the history of western philosophy, but also a subject of great concern. From the ancient Greek period to the discussion of the individual problem, through the Christianity nearly thousand years of enlightenment, the individual question has been confined in the philosophy metaphysics domain, but this kind of limitation has taken place an important transformation later. This transformation began in the Renaissance, that is, the focus on individuality turned to the attention of people themselves. With the continuous development of science and technology and the rapid rise of capitalist economy in the world, the world history has also undergone great changes and opened a new chapter. At the same time, personal history has finally been discovered and valued. However, it is difficult for individuals to be separated from Plato's "double world", whether in theory or in reality. German classical philosophers realized this paradox in the development of modern civilization, put forward the theory of "world citizen", and revealed the antagonistic relationship between historical individuality and the universal inevitability of history. In the end, their adjustment to this antagonism is still at the expense of sentimental individuals in exchange for the status of speculative logic. Marx's idea of individuality is the most direct and powerful response to this paradox. Marx based his individual thought on the realization of human personality freedom and all-round development, because one of the most important criteria of social and historical development is the liberation of personality and the degree of personality development. Through the study of Marx's individual thought, this paper affirms the dynamic function of individual in the development of social history, and then fully clarifies the connotation and practical significance of Marx's individual thought. The article is divided into three parts. The first chapter mainly discusses an important subject of philosophical research-individuality. It is divided into three periods to discuss the individual thought of philosophers in different periods. One is an overview of the development of individualism from ancient Greece to the Renaissance; the other is the individualism of German classical philosophers; the third is the historical development of Marx's individualism. The second chapter focuses on the theoretical connotation of Marx's individual thought. It expounds the essence of human being as an individual, the foundation of society, the starting point and purpose of society, the development of personality is the premise of human freedom and liberation, and the degree of individual development reflects the degree of social development. The third chapter discusses the practical significance of Marx's individual thought from three aspects. On the one hand, Marx's thought of individuality is the theoretical basis of the thought of people-oriented. On the other hand, carrying out Marx's individual thought is helpful to realize the goal of scientific development view. Finally, Marx's individual thought also provides us with a measure of social development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：A811

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本文編號(hào)：1993011