本文選題：列寧 + 小農(nóng)　； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：列寧在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)蘇俄革命和建設(shè)的過程中，比較重視小農(nóng)改造問題，并對改造小農(nóng)的意義、原因、路徑等問題進行了系統(tǒng)闡述，在此基礎(chǔ)上形成了一個較為完整的小農(nóng)改造思想。研究和借鑒這一思想，對當(dāng)前我國培育新型農(nóng)民、建設(shè)社會主義新農(nóng)村具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 論文共分為四部分：第一部分，概述了列寧小農(nóng)改造思想的歷史演變：十月革命前后，從美國式的資本主義方式逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向社會主義大農(nóng)業(yè)；戰(zhàn)時共產(chǎn)主義政策時期，通過共耕制直接向共產(chǎn)主義過渡；新經(jīng)濟政策時期，保存和發(fā)展小農(nóng)生產(chǎn)。 第二部分，全面解讀了列寧小農(nóng)改造思想的基本內(nèi)容。在這一部分，論文從三個方面就列寧小農(nóng)改造思想的基本內(nèi)容加以論述。首先，從經(jīng)濟、政治、文化三個層次入手明確小農(nóng)改造的必要性和重要性；其次，總結(jié)了列寧小農(nóng)改造的基本原則：利益誘導(dǎo)原則，，實事求是原則，循序漸進原則；第三，概括了列寧關(guān)于小農(nóng)改造的條件和途徑：創(chuàng)造物質(zhì)條件，改造小農(nóng)的生產(chǎn)方式；加強政治宣傳與思想政治教育，改造落后的小農(nóng)意識；發(fā)展農(nóng)村教育文化，提高農(nóng)民的文化知識素質(zhì)；創(chuàng)建農(nóng)業(yè)合作社，為小農(nóng)改造提供組織依托。 第三部分，闡述了列寧小農(nóng)改造思想的貢獻與局限。第一，從理論和實踐的角度分別論述列寧小農(nóng)改造思想的巨大貢獻：豐富和發(fā)展了馬克思恩格斯的小農(nóng)改造理論，為中國等社會主義國家解決農(nóng)民問題提供了理論借鑒；實現(xiàn)了農(nóng)業(yè)的恢復(fù)與發(fā)展、提高了農(nóng)民的綜合素質(zhì)、改善了農(nóng)民生活。第二，客觀論述列寧小農(nóng)改造思想的局限：曾表現(xiàn)出不顧俄國國情、照搬馬克思主義的教條主義傾向；波動起伏大，曾遭到農(nóng)民的誤解與抵觸；改造小農(nóng)的政治目標(biāo)重于經(jīng)濟目標(biāo)，未充分顧及農(nóng)民的切身利益。 第四部分，深入探討了列寧小農(nóng)改造思想對我國當(dāng)前處理“三農(nóng)”問題尤其是農(nóng)民教育問題的現(xiàn)實啟示：嚴(yán)重的問題是教育農(nóng)民；必須發(fā)揮黨和政府在農(nóng)民教育改造中的主導(dǎo)作用；教育改造農(nóng)民要采用靈活多樣的方式與渠道；教育改造農(nóng)民中應(yīng)尊重農(nóng)民的意愿和利益需求；充分認識小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟的生命力和長期性。
[Abstract]:In the process of leading the Soviet revolution and construction, Lenin paid more attention to the problem of small farmers' transformation, and expounded systematically the significance, reason and path of small farmers' transformation. On this basis, he formed a relatively complete idea of small farmers' transformation. Studying and drawing lessons from this thought is of great practical significance to cultivate new farmers and build new socialist countryside in our country. The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part summarizes the historical evolution of Lenin's thought of small farmers' reform: before and after the October Revolution, it gradually changed from the American style of capitalism to socialist agriculture; during the period of wartime communist policy, In the new economic policy period, the production of small-scale farmers was preserved and developed. In the second part, the author fully interprets the basic content of Lenin's thought of small peasant reform. In this part, the paper discusses the basic content of Lenin's small peasant reform from three aspects. First, from the economic, political and cultural levels to clarify the necessity and importance of small farmers reform; secondly, summed up Lenin small farmers reform of the basic principles: the principle of interest guidance, the principle of seeking truth from facts, the principle of gradual progress; third, This paper summarizes the conditions and approaches of Lenin's reform of smallholder farmers, including creating material conditions, reforming the mode of production of smallholder farmers, strengthening political propaganda and ideological and political education, reforming the backward consciousness of smallholder farmers, and developing rural educational culture. To improve farmers' cultural and knowledge quality; to establish agricultural cooperatives to provide organizational support for small farmers' transformation. The third part, elaborated Lenin small peasant transformation thought contribution and the limitation. First, from the angle of theory and practice, this paper discusses the great contribution of Lenin's small farmers' reform thought: enriches and develops Marx and Engels' theory of small farmers' transformation, which provides theoretical reference for China and other socialist countries to solve peasant problems; It realizes the recovery and development of agriculture, improves the comprehensive quality of farmers and improves the life of farmers. Secondly, it objectively discusses the limitation of Lenin's thought of small farmers' reform: it showed the dogmatism tendency of copying Marxism in disregard of Russian national conditions, and the fluctuation was so large that it was misunderstood and contradicted by peasants. The political objective of reforming small farmers is more important than economic one, and the vital interests of farmers are not fully taken into account. In the fourth part, the author deeply discusses the realistic enlightenment of Lenin's thought on small farmers' reform to the problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", especially the problem of peasant education: the serious problem is to educate farmers; We must give play to the leading role of the Party and the government in the reform of farmers' education, adopt flexible and diverse ways and channels, respect the will and interests of farmers in the process of educational transformation, and give full play to the role of the Party and the government in the reform of farmers' education. Fully understand the vitality and long-term nature of the small peasant economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F320;A821

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