本文選題：中國事實 + 東方　； 參考：《政治學(xué)研究》2017年04期

【摘要】：長期歷史以來,西方一些學(xué)者將"東方"作為一個無差別的整體,并將東方國家政治都簡單歸之于"東方專制主義"概念框架之中。盡管這一觀點受到理論批判,但仍然需要基于中國事實加以糾正。馬克思恩格斯從政治與社會互動關(guān)系的角度,已注意到東方國家內(nèi)部的經(jīng)濟社會基礎(chǔ)是有差異的,并會對政治產(chǎn)生不同的反應(yīng)。只是其囿于對事實的認(rèn)識有限未能充分展開,甚至出現(xiàn)后人不恰當(dāng)?shù)倪\用而造成了政治偏見。通過大量的實地調(diào)查,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),馬克思恩格斯關(guān)于"東方專制主義"論斷的兩大基礎(chǔ)——一是治水,一是村社,主要掌握的材料是印度等東方國家,而在遙遠(yuǎn)的中國有著自己的特點。除了國家治水以外,中國還存在大量自愿聯(lián)合的基層治水。中國農(nóng)村很早就超越村社制,以家戶為農(nóng)村基本組織單元�；鶎又嗡c家戶制度不僅創(chuàng)造了豐富的農(nóng)業(yè)文明,而且塑造了主動、積極的自主人格,使得基層社會內(nèi)產(chǎn)生著活力與動力,并對國家政治產(chǎn)生積極影響。傳統(tǒng)中國沒有像其他東方國家陷入消極停滯奴役狀態(tài),即與此相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Since the long history, some western scholars have regarded "the East" as an undifferentiated whole, and simply classified the eastern state politics to the framework of the concept of "Oriental despotism". Although this view is criticized by theory, it still needs to be corrected based on the fact of China. The angle of Marx and Engels's interaction between politics and society It has been noted that the economic and social bases within the eastern countries are different and have different responses to politics. Only because they are limited to the limited understanding of the facts, and even the inappropriate use of the future generations have caused political prejudice. Through a large number of field investigations, we found that Marx and Engels about "the East". The two basic foundations of the "despotism": one is water treatment, the other is the village community, the main material is the eastern countries such as India and other Eastern countries, but in the remote China it has its own characteristics. In addition to the national water treatment, there are a large number of voluntary joint grass-roots water treatment in China. Yuan. Grass-roots water management and household system not only created a rich agricultural civilization, but also created the initiative and positive independent personality, which made the grass-roots society generate vitality and power, and had a positive impact on the state politics. Traditional China did not fall into passive stagnation and slavery like other Eastern countries, that is to say, it is related to this.

【作者單位】： 華中師范大學(xué)中國農(nóng)村研究院;
【基金】：教育部人文社會科學(xué)重點研究基地重大項目“作為政策和理論依據(jù)的深度中國農(nóng)村調(diào)查與研究”(16JJD810004)的研究成果
【分類號】：A81
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本文編號：1870137