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  本文選題：馬克思恩格斯　切入點：民生思想　出處：《新疆師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：民生，即國民生計，就是與廣大人民的生活、生存和發(fā)展密切相關(guān)的物質(zhì)文化生活方面的需求。民生問題在社會發(fā)展中的重要性在于民生是社會生存發(fā)展的前提，一切社會發(fā)展的主體是人民群眾,人民群眾是歷史發(fā)展的決定力量，作為歷史主體的人求生存是社會發(fā)展的根本性動力。在馬克思主義的經(jīng)典著作和重要論述中雖未明確出現(xiàn)“民生”一詞，但是他對民生的重視幾乎滲透于馬克思主義全部理論和實踐中。改革開放以來，隨著我國經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，民生問題也不斷被擴大，民生問題解決的好壞直接影響到了社會的發(fā)展與穩(wěn)定。加強馬克思恩格斯民生思想的研究并將其辯證的世界觀和方法論統(tǒng)一起來，用于解決我國當前社會發(fā)展的民生問題，這是本文研究的主題。本文主體部分由三部分組成： 第一部分：“馬克思恩格斯民生思想的理論來源和形成過程”。首先，闡述馬克思恩格斯民生思想的理論來源，詳細分析啟蒙思想家、黑格爾、費爾巴哈以及空想社會主義的民生觀對馬克思恩格斯民生思想產(chǎn)生的重要影響。其次，闡述馬克思恩格斯民生思想的形成過程，把馬克思恩格斯的民生思想劃分為三個階段來加以考察和說明，，即唯物史觀形成之前的萌芽階段，伴隨著唯物史觀確立的正式形成階段，以及唯物史觀確立之后在唯物史觀指導下的成熟階段。 第二部分：“馬克思恩格斯民生思想的基本內(nèi)容”。本章是全文的核心部分，首先，闡述民生思想的內(nèi)涵是“現(xiàn)實的人”通過“他們的活動”攝取“他們的生活條件”以滿足自身生存發(fā)展的需求，以及民生思想的本質(zhì)是實踐；其次，詳述民生思想的特征是批判性、務(wù)實性、實踐性、和諧型，民生類型有生存型、享受型、發(fā)展型三種；再次，分析解決民生問題要堅持人的發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào)、堅持社會整體發(fā)展與個體發(fā)展相一致、堅持充分發(fā)揮國家社會管理的職能原則以及堅持生產(chǎn)力與生產(chǎn)關(guān)系協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、堅持勞動者與生產(chǎn)資料結(jié)合、消滅私有制的方法；最后闡述民生思想的價值取向是“以人為本”，理論旨歸是實現(xiàn)人的全面而自由的發(fā)展。 第三部分：“馬克思恩格斯民生思想的當代意義”。該部分嘗試理論與實踐相結(jié)合的角度，把馬克思恩格斯的民生思想放在建設(shè)社會主義和諧社會的實踐進程中去思考，有助于貫徹落實科學發(fā)展觀、有助于構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會，從而更好的推動建設(shè)一個使每個人都能全面而自由發(fā)展的和諧社會。
[Abstract]:People's livelihood, that is, national livelihood, is the material and cultural life needs which are closely related to the life, survival and development of the broad masses of people.The importance of livelihood issues in social development lies in the fact that people's livelihood is the prerequisite for the survival and development of society, that the main body of all social development is the masses of the people, and that the people are the decisive force for the development of history.As the main body of history, the survival of people is the fundamental motive force of social development.Although the word "people's livelihood" does not appear clearly in the classical works and important expositions of Marxism, his emphasis on people's livelihood almost permeates the whole theory and practice of Marxism.Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of our economy, people's livelihood issues have been constantly expanded, the quality of livelihood problems directly affect the development and stability of society.To strengthen the study of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood and to unify its dialectical world outlook and methodology to solve the problems of people's livelihood in China's current social development is the theme of this paper.The main part of this paper consists of three parts:The first part: the theoretical source and formation process of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood.First of all, it expounds the theoretical source of Marx and Engels' livelihood thought, and analyzes in detail the important influence of enlightenment thinkers, Hegel, Feuerbach and utopian socialism on the livelihood of Marx and Engels.Secondly, it expounds the forming process of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood, divides Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood into three stages to investigate and explain, that is, the embryonic stage before the formation of historical materialism.Along with the formative stage of historical materialism, and the mature stage under the guidance of historical materialism after the establishment of historical materialism.The second part: the basic content of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood.This chapter is the core part of the full text, first of all, the connotation of the people's livelihood thought is that "realistic people" ingest "their living conditions" through "their activities" to meet the needs of their own survival and development, and the essence of the people's livelihood thought is practice;Secondly, the characteristics of the thought of people's livelihood are critical, practical, practical, harmonious, and there are three types of people's livelihood: survival, enjoyment and development. Thirdly, to analyze and solve people's livelihood problems, we should insist on the coordination between human development and economic development.Adhere to the social overall development and individual development consistent, adhere to the principle of giving full play to the functions of national social management, adhere to the coordinated development of productive forces and relations of production, adhere to the combination of workers and means of production, the elimination of private ownership;Finally, the value orientation of the thought of people's livelihood is "people-oriented", and the theoretical aim is to realize the all-round and free development of human beings.The third part: the contemporary significance of Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood.This part tries to combine theory with practice, puts Marx and Engels' thought of people's livelihood in the practice process of building socialist harmonious society, which is helpful to carry out the scientific development view.It is helpful to build a harmonious socialist society, so as to promote the construction of a harmonious society in which everyone can develop in an all-round and free way.
【學位授予單位】：新疆師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A811

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