本文關(guān)鍵詞： 資本 資本邏輯 人　出處：《山西大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：資本批判思想是馬克思理論非常重要的部分。馬克思在肯定了資本積極歷史作用的基礎(chǔ)上,對資本進(jìn)行了無情的批判,由此形成了資本批判理論。 馬克思認(rèn)為資本的本質(zhì)不是物,而是一定的、社會的、屬于一定的歷史社會形態(tài)的生產(chǎn)關(guān)系。因此,馬克思的資本研究對象就是資本主義的生產(chǎn)方式以及和它相適應(yīng)的生產(chǎn)關(guān)系和交換關(guān)系,所以,對資本的研究必須深入到資本主義的生產(chǎn)過程中去,馬克思從商品出發(fā)找到了探尋資本主義秘密的入口,并提出科學(xué)的勞動價值論；他把資本看作一種永恒的運(yùn)動,因此資本主義生產(chǎn)過程就是資本按照自身邏輯無限實現(xiàn)自我增殖的過程,馬克思窺探到了其中資本家剝削工人的實質(zhì)以及作為主體的人被異化的現(xiàn)象,指出了資本生產(chǎn)的內(nèi)部矛盾和悖論；最后馬克思深刻闡釋了資本對于人的自由全面發(fā)展所具有的正反兩方面的作用。全文共分為三大部分： 第一部分主要立足馬克思的文本,對資本概念進(jìn)行界定。論文從歷史出發(fā),深入考察和總結(jié)馬克思資本思想來源,并從馬克思文本出發(fā),梳理馬克思資本思想發(fā)展歷程,深入探討馬克思資本思想的實質(zhì)和內(nèi)涵。 第二部分俯瞰整個資本主義生產(chǎn)過程,分析了資本邏輯的整個運(yùn)行過程。首先明確資本邏輯的起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn),其次闡明了資本的邏輯進(jìn)程,即資本家對工人進(jìn)行剝削的整個資本主義過程；在此基礎(chǔ)上明確了資本的運(yùn)行原則,指出資本的邏輯就是進(jìn)行自身的增殖,實現(xiàn)剩余價值的最大化；最后論述,在資本本性驅(qū)使下和其內(nèi)在原則支配下,造成嚴(yán)重的資本主義異化現(xiàn)象的后果。 第三部分主要從兩個方面闡述資本的現(xiàn)實指導(dǎo)意義,一方面人類應(yīng)該警惕資本擴(kuò)張帶來的對人性的沖擊和否定作用,另一方面人應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到資本發(fā)展給整個社會帶來的文明作用,人類今天享受到的社會文明離不開資本的貢獻(xiàn)。所以,我們今天對待資本的態(tài)度應(yīng)是理性的批判,即建立在對資本肯定的基礎(chǔ)上的一種否定性批判。 綜上,本文在唯物辯證法的統(tǒng)籌下,運(yùn)用歷史和邏輯相統(tǒng)一的方法,對馬克思資本批判思想進(jìn)行了梳理,基此引發(fā)人們對于資本主義條件下的人該如何進(jìn)行更合理發(fā)展的問題思考。
[Abstract]:On the basis of affirming the positive historical role of capital, Marx criticized capital mercilessly and formed the theory of capital criticism. Marx believed that the essence of capital is not a thing, but a certain, social, a certain historical social form of production relations. Marx's capital research object is the mode of production of capitalism and its corresponding relations of production and exchange. Therefore, the study of capital must go deep into the production process of capitalism. Marx found the entrance to explore the secrets of capitalism from the point of view of commodities, and put forward the scientific theory of labor value. He regarded capital as an eternal movement. Therefore, the process of capitalist production is the process of unlimited self-proliferation of capital in accordance with its own logic. Marx explored the essence of the exploitation of workers by capitalists and the alienation of the people as the subject. It points out the internal contradictions and paradoxes of capital production. Finally, Marx profoundly explains the positive and negative effects of capital on the free and all-round development of human beings. The full text is divided into three parts:. The first part is mainly based on Marx's text, defines the concept of capital. From the historical point of view, the thesis investigates and summarizes the source of Marx's capital thought, and combs the development course of Marx's capital thought from Marx's text. The essence and connotation of Marx's capital thought are discussed in depth. The second part overlooks the whole capitalist production process and analyzes the whole operation process of the capital logic. First, it clarifies the starting point and the end point of the capital logic, and then clarifies the logical process of the capital. That is, capitalists exploit workers throughout the capitalist process; on the basis of this clear operating principles of capital, pointing out that the logic of capital is to carry out their own multiplication, to achieve the maximization of surplus value. Driven by the nature of capital and dominated by its internal principles, the consequences of the serious phenomenon of capitalist alienation. The third part mainly expounds the realistic guiding significance of capital from two aspects. On the one hand, human beings should be alert to the impact and negative effect of capital expansion on human nature. On the other hand, people should realize the civilized role that capital development brings to the whole society, and the social civilization that mankind enjoys today cannot be separated from the contribution of capital. Therefore, our attitude towards capital today should be a rational critique. That is, a negative criticism based on the affirmation of capital. In summary, under the overall plan of materialist dialectics, using the method of unifying history and logic, this paper combs Marx's critique thought of capital. Therefore, people should think about how to develop more reasonably under capitalist conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A811

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