本文關(guān)鍵詞： 市民社會(huì) 馬克思 社會(huì)管理 政治國(guó)家　出處：《浙江工商大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：市民社會(huì)理論是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的、歷經(jīng)社會(huì)歷史變遷的理論體系,對(duì)其思想淵源的回溯有助于深刻把握馬克思市民社會(huì)理論的精髓。馬克思市民社會(huì)思想的來(lái)源可以被劃分為古典市民社會(huì)和近代市民社會(huì)兩個(gè)階段。亞里士多德和西塞羅是古典市民社會(huì)時(shí)期的典型代表,在亞里士多德那里,市民社會(huì)代表的是一種政治共同體和倫理共同體,西塞羅亦將參與政治生活規(guī)定為人的本質(zhì),且將立基于自然法則之上的“正義”和“理性”規(guī)范視為市民社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)與根本原則。在近代市民社會(huì)時(shí)期,以霍布斯、洛克、盧梭、黑格爾為代表的思想家開(kāi)始把市民社會(huì)理論當(dāng)作爭(zhēng)取自由權(quán)利、反對(duì)封建專制的武器,特別是黑格爾從市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)中人與人的本質(zhì)性關(guān)系出發(fā),完成了對(duì)市民社會(huì)概念的正確抽象。 馬克思在批判地繼承了前人特別是黑格爾思想的基礎(chǔ)上,逐步形成和完善了自己的市民社會(huì)理論。馬克思關(guān)于市民社會(huì)概念的論述主要可以從兩個(gè)角度來(lái)劃分：一是一般意義上的市民社會(huì)概念,即把市民社會(huì)看做是不同于公共領(lǐng)域或普遍利益的私人利益關(guān)系,私人領(lǐng)域、非官方的社會(huì)組織、國(guó)家政治生活之外的社會(huì)生活等；二是實(shí)質(zhì)意義上的市民社會(huì)概念,即把市民社會(huì)歸結(jié)為物質(zhì)交往形式。另外,本文還從市民社會(huì)賴以生存和發(fā)育的基礎(chǔ)、市民社會(huì)的重要保障手段、市民社會(huì)民主機(jī)制形成的重要條件三個(gè)方面論述了馬克思市民社會(huì)的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)作機(jī)制。馬克思市民社會(huì)理論不僅為其唯物史觀的創(chuàng)立作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn),成為歷史唯物主義的重要范疇,而且在推動(dòng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和民主政治的發(fā)展進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮了重大作用,特別是馬克思關(guān)于市民社會(huì)與政治國(guó)家二元分離并高于政治國(guó)家的理論,對(duì)我國(guó)乃至世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會(huì)發(fā)展具有重大價(jià)值。 改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)建設(shè)取得了舉世矚目的成績(jī),尤其是保障和改善民生的工作取得巨大進(jìn)展,但是在全球化、信息化、城市化愈演愈烈的國(guó)際大背景下,我國(guó)也不斷面臨著諸如貧富差距持續(xù)拉大、人口結(jié)構(gòu)不斷變化、人們思想觀念發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變等新問(wèn)題、新挑戰(zhàn),這就對(duì)加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新我國(guó)社會(huì)管理提出了更高的要求。而以“全部歷史的真幣發(fā)源地和舞臺(tái)”姿態(tài)呈現(xiàn)的馬克思市民社會(huì)理論對(duì)加強(qiáng)我國(guó)社會(huì)管理的法律、體制、能力建設(shè)都有著極其重要的啟示。馬克思市民社會(huì)理論不僅對(duì)我國(guó)社會(huì)管理立法依據(jù)的明晰、法律建設(shè)方式的創(chuàng)新和體制建設(shè)的完善具有重大意義,為實(shí)現(xiàn)由傳統(tǒng)的政府一元化管理模式向全社會(huì)多元治理模式的根本性轉(zhuǎn)變提供了一定的理論依據(jù),并且對(duì)政府管理能力和社會(huì)自治自理能力的提高起到不可忽視的指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:The theory of civil society is a complex theoretical system that has undergone social and historical changes. It is helpful to grasp the essence of Marx's civil society theory. The origin of Marx's civil society thought can be divided into two stages: classical civil society and modern civil society. Aristotle. And Cicero was a typical representative of classical civil society, In Aristotle, civil society represents a political community and an ethical community, and Cicero defines participation in political life as a human being. And regard the norms of "justice" and "reason" based on the law of nature as the foundation and fundamental principle of civil society. In the modern civil society period, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, The thinkers represented by Hegel began to regard the theory of civil society as the weapon of fighting for the right of freedom and opposing feudal autocracy, especially Hegel proceeding from the essential relationship between man and man in the market economy society. Completed the correct abstraction of the concept of civil society. Marx critically inherited the thought of predecessors, especially Hegel, Marx's exposition on the concept of civil society can be divided into two aspects: one is the concept of civil society in the general sense, That is, to regard civil society as a relationship of private interests different from that of the public sphere or general interests, private sphere, unofficial social organizations, social life outside the political life of the country, etc. The second is the concept of civil society in the substantive sense. That is to say, the civil society is reduced to the form of material communication. In addition, this article also analyzes the basis of the existence and development of the civil society and the important means of safeguarding the civil society. This paper discusses the internal structure and operating mechanism of Marx's civil society from three aspects of the important conditions for the formation of democratic mechanism of civil society. Marx's theory of civil society not only makes great contributions to the establishment of his historical materialism. It has become an important category of historical materialism and has played an important role in promoting the development of market economy and democratic politics, especially Marx's theory that the civil society and the political state are dualistic and higher than the political state. It is of great value to the economic, political, cultural and social development of our country and the world. Since the reform and opening up, China's economic and social construction has made remarkable achievements, especially in the work of ensuring and improving people's livelihood. However, in the international context of globalization, information technology and urbanization, China is also constantly facing new problems and challenges, such as the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the constant changes in the population structure and the changes in people's ideas. This has put forward higher requirements for strengthening and innovating the social management of our country. However, Marx's civil society theory, presented in the posture of "the birthplace and stage of real money in all history", provides a legal and institutional basis for strengthening the social management of our country. Marx's theory of civil society is of great significance not only to the clarity of the legislative basis of social management in China, but also to the innovation of legal construction methods and the perfection of system building. It provides a certain theoretical basis for realizing the fundamental transformation from the traditional unified government management model to the pluralistic governance model of the whole society, and plays an important role in guiding the improvement of the government management ability and the self-care ability of social autonomy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D035;A811

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