本文關(guān)鍵詞：馬克思主義政治參與思想與中國民主政治發(fā)展研究　出處：《中共浙江省委黨�！�2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 馬克思主義 政治參與 實(shí)踐教訓(xùn) 當(dāng)代啟示

【摘要】：馬克思主義政治參與思想是馬克思主義民主理論的重要組成部分，是科學(xué)的理論，對我國當(dāng)下擴(kuò)大公民有序政治參與的發(fā)展及構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義民主政治有根本性的指導(dǎo)意義。本文對馬克思主義政治參與思想的探討和研究主要有三章： 第一章主要探討了馬克思主義經(jīng)典作家的政治參與思想。馬克思、恩格斯政治參與思想并非是閉門造車的產(chǎn)物，有其產(chǎn)生的理論和實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。他們對政治參與思想的探討經(jīng)歷了由最初的主張直接參與到后來主張間接參與，通過對巴黎公社的考察和資產(chǎn)階級議會(huì)民主的批判借鑒，提出了無產(chǎn)階級代議制民主的基本原則。列寧領(lǐng)導(dǎo)俄國人民建立了蘇維埃政權(quán)，將馬克思主義政治參與思想付諸于實(shí)踐，并結(jié)合國情實(shí)現(xiàn)了創(chuàng)造性的變換。在十月革命前及革命勝利初期，列寧堅(jiān)持直接參與思想。十月革命勝利以后，他逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到直接參與在俄國行不通，進(jìn)而他主張間接參與，并提出了“一長制”主張。在內(nèi)憂外患特殊國情下，“一長制”主張鞏固了新生政權(quán)，但也為俄國國內(nèi)后期出現(xiàn)個(gè)人專權(quán)、腐敗等埋下了隱患。 第二章重點(diǎn)探討了馬克思主義政治參與思想在中國的發(fā)展。在不同的歷史階段，中國共產(chǎn)黨人結(jié)合國情、黨情、世情發(fā)展馬克思主義政治參與思想，不斷推進(jìn)馬克思主義政治參與思想的中國化進(jìn)程。因此，本部分主要闡述了毛澤東對馬克思主義政治參與思想的繼承和發(fā)展，建立人民代表大會(huì)制和中共領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度等一系列保障人民當(dāng)家作主的制度。在其后，鄧小平、江澤民、胡錦濤等共產(chǎn)黨人在改革開放新時(shí)期進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)和發(fā)展了馬克思主義政治參與思想和毛澤東政治參與思想。他們對馬克思主義政治參與思想的繼承和發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)了馬克思主義政治參與思想的中國化，體現(xiàn)了馬克思主義政治參與思想的強(qiáng)大的生命力。 第三章著力探討了馬克思主義政治參與思想的實(shí)踐教訓(xùn)和當(dāng)代啟示。馬克思主義政治參與思想具有科學(xué)性，但要對實(shí)踐發(fā)揮指導(dǎo)作用，還賴于正確的理解和運(yùn)用。背離或直接拋棄馬克思主義政治參與思想，導(dǎo)致在探索社會(huì)主義建設(shè)中出現(xiàn)了巨大的挫折，，包括列寧直接參與思想遇到的實(shí)踐困境、中國“文化大革命”的發(fā)生、蘇聯(lián)解體和東歐劇變等。這些挫折導(dǎo)致社會(huì)主義建設(shè)偏離常態(tài)發(fā)展的軌道，給黨和國家造成難以彌補(bǔ)的損失。痛定思痛，反思過去，我們要以馬克思主義態(tài)度，全面、求真地理解和運(yùn)用馬克思主義政治參與思想；正確對待其他國家政治參與思想及經(jīng)驗(yàn)；同時(shí)要結(jié)合國情，堅(jiān)持促進(jìn)公民政治參與“擴(kuò)大”和“有序”并舉，提高民主化水平，走中國特色民主政治建設(shè)道路。
[Abstract]:The thought of Marxist political participation is an important part of Marxist democratic theory and a scientific theory. It is of fundamental guiding significance to expand the development of citizen's orderly political participation and to construct socialist democratic politics in our country at present. There are three main chapters in this paper on the discussion and research of Marxist political participation thought: The first chapter mainly discusses the political participation thought of the classical Marxist writers. Marx and Engels' political participation thought is not the product of closed door construction. Their discussion of the thought of political participation has experienced from the initial idea of direct participation to the later claim of indirect participation. Through the investigation of the Paris Commune and the criticism of bourgeois parliamentary democracy, the basic principles of proletarian representative democracy were put forward. Lenin led the Russian people to establish the Soviet regime. The thought of political participation of Marxism was put into practice, and the creative change was realized according to the national conditions. Before the October Revolution and at the beginning of the victory of the revolution, Lenin insisted on the idea of direct participation, and after the victory of the October Revolution. He gradually realized that direct participation was not feasible in Russia, and then he advocated indirect participation, and put forward the idea of "one long system." under the special situation of internal and external problems, the "one long system" strengthened the new regime. But also for Russia's later emergence of personal autocracy, corruption and other hidden dangers. The second chapter focuses on the development of Marxist political participation in China. In different historical stages, the Communist Party of China combines the national conditions, party feelings, the world situation to develop Marxist political participation. Therefore, this part mainly expounds Mao Zedong's inheritance and development of Marxist political participation thought. The system of people's Congress and the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party of China were set up to ensure the people to be the masters of their own affairs. In the new period of reform and opening up to the outside world, Hu Jintao and other Communists have further advanced and developed the Marxist thought of political participation and the thought of Mao Zedong's political participation, and they have inherited and developed the thought of Marxist political participation. It realizes the Sinicization of Marxist political participation thought and embodies the strong vitality of Marxist political participation thought. The third chapter focuses on the practice of Marxist political participation and contemporary enlightenment. Marxist political participation is scientific, but it should play a guiding role in practice. It also depends on the correct understanding and application, deviating from or directly abandoning the Marxist political participation thought, which leads to great setbacks in the exploration of socialist construction, including the practical dilemma encountered by Lenin's thought of direct participation. The occurrence of China's "Cultural Revolution", the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe. These setbacks caused socialist construction to deviate from the track of normal development and caused irreparable losses to the Party and the country. To reflect on the past, we should understand and apply Marxist political participation thought in a comprehensive and truthful way with a Marxist attitude; To correctly treat the political participation thoughts and experiences of other countries; At the same time, in combination with the national conditions, we should persist in promoting citizens' political participation in both "expanding" and "orderly", raising the level of democratization and following the road of building democratic politics with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共浙江省委黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：A811;D621.5

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