本文關(guān)鍵詞：馬克思關(guān)于正義的實(shí)踐主體思想研究　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 馬克思 正義 實(shí)踐主體 無產(chǎn)階級(jí) 政黨

【摘要】：正義問題是當(dāng)前中國(guó)社會(huì)的熱點(diǎn)和核心。維護(hù)和實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公平正義，已成為黨和政府治國(guó)理政的首要目標(biāo)和任務(wù)。馬克思思想博大精深，，且存在一個(gè)發(fā)展的過程。無論是其思想的歷史沿革還是文本上存在的差異，都不能遮蔽其正義思想始終明晰地顯現(xiàn)著的實(shí)踐主體——?jiǎng)趧?dòng)者，這是馬克思關(guān)于正義的實(shí)踐主體思想的根本立場(chǎng)。研究馬克思關(guān)于正義的實(shí)踐主體思想是中國(guó)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的需要，也是破解西方話語壟斷深刻理解馬克思思想科學(xué)性、批判性、革命性與人文性的內(nèi)在要求。 首先，文章采用文本分析法厘定了馬克思關(guān)于正義的實(shí)踐主體思想的內(nèi)在邏輯脈絡(luò)。馬克思通過批判歐洲工人階級(jí)頭腦中彌漫的濃厚宗教意識(shí)，指出了正義的屬人性，破除了正義的天國(guó)幻想；在批判思辨哲學(xué)從抽象原則出發(fā)，顛倒了思維與存在的唯心主義誤區(qū)之后，馬克思指明了正義思想的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)；在批判了理性主義者所謂的永恒正義的理性設(shè)想之后，馬克思認(rèn)為人的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)創(chuàng)造了人與自然、人與社會(huì)、人與自我的特殊關(guān)系，奠定著人的存在前提和基礎(chǔ)，確立了人的主體性地位。在馬克思那里，正義的主體不再是神、原則、理性，而是活生生的人。這樣，在馬克思關(guān)于正義的實(shí)踐主體思想線索中現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中活生生的人及其實(shí)踐活動(dòng)就成為其出發(fā)點(diǎn)與歸宿，找到了界說正義的現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了關(guān)于正義的實(shí)踐主體從抽象到現(xiàn)實(shí)的實(shí)踐轉(zhuǎn)向。 進(jìn)而，文章分析了馬克思關(guān)于正義的實(shí)踐主體的具體設(shè)定。正義問題從天國(guó)回到人間，從理念和原則復(fù)歸于生活實(shí)際，從封建社會(huì)的特權(quán)與等級(jí)發(fā)展到資本主義社會(huì)的“契約”正義，這一進(jìn)程凸顯了人的主體性地位。馬克思沒有止步于把正義的主體籠統(tǒng)地歸結(jié)為現(xiàn)實(shí)的人，在現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中人與人之間是有差別的，在階級(jí)社會(huì)最顯著的特征就是階級(jí)性。資本主義社會(huì)日益形成兩大對(duì)立的階級(jí)，兩個(gè)階級(jí)都是人的本質(zhì)的異化表現(xiàn)，而廣大勞動(dòng)者無產(chǎn)階級(jí)在這種異化中感受到的卻是一種痛苦和非人道的待遇。但是，資本階級(jí)卻以抽象的自由、平等、法權(quán)掩蓋了自由貿(mào)易與雇傭勞動(dòng)背后的剝削實(shí)質(zhì)。唯物史觀與剩余價(jià)值的發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了資本主義剝削的秘密，無產(chǎn)階級(jí)作為新的歷史的開啟者承擔(dān)著解放全人類的任務(wù)。實(shí)現(xiàn)全人類的解放，建立正義社會(huì)的力量來源于無產(chǎn)階級(jí)，關(guān)鍵在于無產(chǎn)階級(jí)政黨。 最后，文章梳理了馬克思關(guān)于正義的實(shí)踐主體的價(jià)值指向與路徑構(gòu)想，遵循史論結(jié)合的方法闡述了其關(guān)于正義的實(shí)踐主體思想對(duì)當(dāng)前中國(guó)社會(huì)的意義。馬克思通過剩余價(jià)值規(guī)律與歷史唯物主義揭露了資本主義社會(huì)正義的形式性與虛幻性，通過階級(jí)分析法，找到了推進(jìn)社會(huì)正義的現(xiàn)實(shí)主體——無產(chǎn)階級(jí)。無產(chǎn)階級(jí)只有揚(yáng)棄私有制，在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會(huì)的整體性革命運(yùn)動(dòng)中解放自己才能最終解放全人類。無產(chǎn)階級(jí)作為現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)的主體，是評(píng)價(jià)、推動(dòng)社會(huì)正義的歷史主體。要實(shí)現(xiàn)無產(chǎn)階級(jí)的正義就必須通過無產(chǎn)階級(jí)的共同體來實(shí)現(xiàn)，就必須揚(yáng)棄并克服資本主義的私人占有及其造成的勞動(dòng)與生產(chǎn)資料的分離，實(shí)現(xiàn)勞動(dòng)與生產(chǎn)資料的重新結(jié)合，重建勞動(dòng)者的個(gè)人所有制，由社會(huì)對(duì)生產(chǎn)資料進(jìn)行管理。這不僅僅是無產(chǎn)階級(jí)的解放，更是人類社會(huì)發(fā)展模式的新飛躍，是對(duì)資本主義生產(chǎn)方式以犧牲自然環(huán)境為代價(jià)的逐利本性的一種質(zhì)的超越。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與政治變革為無產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政創(chuàng)造了條件。無產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政為生產(chǎn)的社會(huì)化發(fā)展打開了坦途，無產(chǎn)階級(jí)在這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)中掙脫了鎖鏈，整個(gè)人類迎來了正義的環(huán)境。社會(huì)主義國(guó)家的無產(chǎn)階級(jí)執(zhí)政黨需要充分吸收資本主義文明，堅(jiān)持經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的主線，堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義全方位的改革，堅(jiān)持共產(chǎn)黨的無產(chǎn)階級(jí)本色，在制度、政策上努力體現(xiàn)和保障勞動(dòng)者的勞動(dòng)正義。
[Abstract]:Justice is a hot issue and the core of the current Chinese society. Maintaining and realizing social fairness and justice, has become the main objectives and tasks of the party and the government. Marx thought is broad and profound, and there is a process of development. It is the difference of the history of thought or text, cannot conceal the practice subject justice has always been clear to show that workers, this is the fundamental standpoint of Marx on justice practice. The main thought of the practice subject study of Marx idea of justice is to China social reality, also is to break the western discourse monopoly profound understanding of Marx thought is scientific, revolutionary and critical, the inherent requirements of humanity.
First, this paper uses text analysis determined the internal logic process of Marx on justice practice subject thought. Marx criticized the European working class in the mind filled with strong religious consciousness, pointed out that the human nature is justice, get rid of the justice of the kingdom of fantasy; in the critique of speculative philosophy from the Perspective of the abstract principle, after the reversal of thinking and existence the idealism of misunderstanding, Marx pointed out the realistic social foundation of justice thought; in a rational assumption to criticize the rationalism of the so-called eternal justice, Marx believed that the practice has created the man and nature, man and society, man and the special relationship of the self, there lay the premise and foundation, established the position of the subjectivity of human being. In Marx, justice is no longer the main God, principle of rationality, but rather people. So, in Marx on justice. In practice, the living people and their practical activities in real life become the starting point and the end result, finding the realistic foundation of defining justice, and realizing the practical turn of the practice subject of justice from abstract to reality.
Then, this paper analyzes the specific setting practice subject of justice Marx. Justice back to earth from heaven, from the concept and principle of returning to the real life, from the feudal privileges and level of development of the capitalist society of the "contract" of justice, this process highlights the subjectivity of people. Marx did not stop at the justice of the body generally attributed to the reality, in reality there is a difference between people, in class society the most significant feature is the class of capitalist society. Increasingly formed two opposing classes, the two class is the alienation of human nature, while the majority of workers in the proletariat the alienation felt is a painful and inhuman treatment. However, the capital class has to abstract freedom, equality, right behind the mask of free trade and labor exploitation The essence of historical materialism and surplus value. The findings reveal the secret of capitalist exploitation, the proletariat as open new history undertakes the liberation of all mankind task. To achieve the liberation of all mankind, the establishment of social justice power comes from the proletariat, the key lies in the proletarian party.
Finally, the article summarizes the main practice of Marx on justice value idea and path, follow the method of combination of history and expounds the significance of the practice of the main idea of justice on the current China society. Marx through the law of surplus value and the historical materialism reveals the form of capitalism and the illusion of social justice, through class analysis method, find the real subject of social justice, promote the proletariat. Only the sublation of private ownership, in the economic, political, cultural and social integrity of the revolutionary movement in the liberation of their own to the liberation of mankind. The main production is the modern proletariat as evaluation, promote social justice of the historical subject. In order to achieve the justice must be realized by the proletarian community, it must abandon and overcome the capitalist private ownership and its cause Separation of labor and production data, combined with the implementation of new labor and production data, the reconstruction of laborer individual ownership by the society for the management of production data. It is not only the liberation of the proletariat, is a new development mode of human society, is a transcendence of the capitalist mode of production at the expense of the environment by nature. Economic development and political reform to create the conditions for the dictatorship of the proletariat dictatorship of the proletariat. Opened the way for the development of social production, the free from the chains in this movement, the whole human ushered in environmental justice. The socialist countries of the proletariat ruling party need to fully absorb the capitalist civilization, adhere to the main line of economic construction. The reform of the socialist orientation, the Communist Party of the proletariat. In the system, policy to reflect and Paul The labor justice of the labourer.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：A811

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 鄭永扣;;作為政治信仰的意識(shí)形態(tài)[J];河南社會(huì)科學(xué);2010年04期

2 吳建華;許祥云;;從思辨正義到實(shí)踐正義:馬克思主義正義觀的飛躍[J];江海學(xué)刊;2010年01期

3 段忠橋;;正義在馬克思的論著中是價(jià)值判斷而不是事實(shí)判斷——答李其慶譯審[J];江海學(xué)刊;2011年05期

4 寇東亮;;從“階級(jí)的道德”到“真正人的道德”——馬克思恩格斯對(duì)道德演進(jìn)的一種詮釋[J];馬克思主義與現(xiàn)實(shí);2009年01期

5 寇東亮;;馬克思恩格斯道德哲學(xué)思想探要[J];內(nèi)蒙古社會(huì)科學(xué)(漢文版);2010年05期

6 馮仕政;;重返階級(jí)分析?——論中國(guó)社會(huì)不平等研究的范式轉(zhuǎn)換[J];社會(huì)學(xué)研究;2008年05期

7 何建華;;馬克思的公平正義觀與社會(huì)主義實(shí)踐[J];浙江社會(huì)科學(xué);2007年06期

8 王新生;;馬克思是怎樣討論正義問題的?[J];中國(guó)人民大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2010年05期

9 方蘭欣;吳丹;;盧梭自由思想及其啟示[J];鄭州航空工業(yè)管理學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2013年01期

10 孟捷;;論馬克思的三種正義概念——也談資本占有剩余價(jià)值在什么意義上是不符合(或符合)正義的[J];中國(guó)人民大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2013年01期

本文編號(hào)：1391266