本文選題：邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義　切入點(diǎn)：分析與綜合命題　出處：《西南師范大學(xué)》2001年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本文旨在探討邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的分析與綜合命題理論的來龍去脈，確定其在西 方哲學(xué)史上的位置，以更正只見局部不見全局造成的錯(cuò)誤；同時(shí)突出邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主 義融分析哲學(xué)和科學(xué)哲學(xué)為一身的獨(dú)特風(fēng)貌。全文主要由三部分組成： 一、簡(jiǎn)要介紹邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義提出分析與綜合命題理論的兩點(diǎn)歷史背景：現(xiàn)代 邏輯運(yùn)用于哲學(xué)和科學(xué)與形而上學(xué)的區(qū)分。 弗雷格使數(shù)理邏輯蓬勃發(fā)展以致影響一般的哲學(xué)成為可能，羅素和維特根斯 坦則使這種可能變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。羅素的摹狀詞理論給數(shù)理邏輯運(yùn)用于研究哲學(xué)作出了 榜樣，維特根斯坦則是使邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義采用邏輯方法去掉哲學(xué)爭(zhēng)論的第一個(gè)人。 科學(xué)和形而上學(xué)進(jìn)步的劇烈反差促使邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義思考它們間的區(qū)別何在； 形而上學(xué)阻礙科學(xué)的發(fā)展，促使邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義在劃分科學(xué)和形而上學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)方面 進(jìn)行新的嘗試。 二、論述邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義發(fā)展分析與綜合命題體系的歷史過程。邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義 從揚(yáng)棄康德的遺產(chǎn)入手，經(jīng)過十幾年的歲月逐步建立起分析與綜合命題體系。體 系建成后約十年，奎因?qū)Α胺治龅摹迸u(píng)誘發(fā)體系的劃分從絕對(duì)走向相對(duì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)， 完善了分析與綜合命題體系。 為找尋獲取科學(xué)真理的正確道路，康德首先接受萊布尼茨和休謨的觀點(diǎn)，在 西方哲學(xué)史上第一次把判斷明確地區(qū)分為分析判斷和綜合判斷；然后又吸收先驗(yàn) 論和經(jīng)驗(yàn)論的成果，獨(dú)創(chuàng)分析判斷和綜合判斷之外的第三種判斷——先天綜合判 斷。 分析與綜合命題體系的構(gòu)建分四步論述： 1．康德認(rèn)為知識(shí)有兩個(gè)來源，即先天和后天，邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義則認(rèn)為一切命 題僅僅來源于經(jīng)驗(yàn)，命題的效準(zhǔn)才有先驗(yàn)和后驗(yàn)之別。作者批評(píng)人們把二者不加 區(qū)別甚至混用的現(xiàn)象，并建議用先天、后天表示康德的觀點(diǎn)，用先驗(yàn)和后驗(yàn)表示 邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的觀點(diǎn)。 2．邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義運(yùn)用邏輯手段避免康德的混亂劃分，將命題明確地分為三 類：分析命題、綜合命題和形而上學(xué)命題。邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的分析命題、綜合命題 大大超出康德將分析判斷、綜合判斷限于主謂形式的范圍，避兔了康德的“包含 于”這個(gè)停留在隱喻水平上的概念：形而上學(xué)命題沒有真值，是無意義的，應(yīng)該 拒斥。其間作者使維特根斯坦對(duì)邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義命題分類的顯著影響得到體現(xiàn)；受 卡爾納普和奎因的啟發(fā)，作者把分析命題分為三種：重言式命題、矛盾命題和替 換命題。 3．邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義否認(rèn)康德的先天綜合判斷，試圖建立“邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)論”的理 論基礎(chǔ)，其理由有二：第一，康德混淆心理學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和邏輯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，成就了部分先天 綜合判斷。第二，先天綜合判斷是為從哲學(xué)上說明當(dāng)時(shí)的科學(xué)事實(shí)創(chuàng)造的，在它 不能說明新的科學(xué)事實(shí)時(shí)，它就沒有存在的理由。 4．康德把先天、分析分別與必然相連，后天、綜合分別與偶然相連。邏輯 經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義則發(fā)揚(yáng)邏輯的論證精神證明分析、先驗(yàn)和必然等同，，綜合、后驗(yàn)和偶然 等同。邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的證明過程由作者首次探討。 分析與綜合命題體系的劃分從絕對(duì)走向相對(duì)分兩步論述： 1．奎因?qū)Α胺治觥倍x的批評(píng)高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚、一針見血，迫使邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義把 分析與綜合命題體系的絕對(duì)劃分改為相對(duì)劃分。這激起人們對(duì)“分析”定義的不 懈探索。 2．邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的有界線論戰(zhàn)勝奎因的無界線論，維護(hù)了分析與綜合命題 體系的劃分。 三、首先重點(diǎn)闡述邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義通過還原論和意義標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為分析與綜合命題拒 斥形而上學(xué)的職能辯護(hù)時(shí)，遇到重重困難。然后提及由于科學(xué)對(duì)形而上學(xué)的需求， 邏輯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義停止先前的辯護(hù)，把興趣放到形而上學(xué)如何有利于科學(xué)的研究上， “分析與綜合命題拒斥形而上學(xué)的歷史使命遂告結(jié)束。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to discuss the analysis of logical empiricism and the origin of the comprehensive propositional theory, and to determine it in the West.
The position in the history of Philosophy in order to correct the errors caused by a partial absence of the overall situation; and at the same time highlight the logical experience of the Lord.
The full text is composed of three parts: the philosophy of righteousness and the philosophy of science.
First, a brief introduction to the two points of historical background of the analysis of logical empiricism and the theory of comprehensive Propositional Theory: Modern
Logic is applied to the distinction between philosophy and science and metaphysics.
It is possible for Frege to flourish the mathematical logic so that the general philosophy is possible, Russell and Wittgenstein
Tan makes it likely to become a reality. The theory of Russell's description to mathematical logic used in the study of philosophy made
Example, Wittgenstein is the first person to use logical empiricism to use logical methods to remove philosophical arguments.
The sharp contrast of the progress of science and metaphysics has prompted logical empiricism to think about the differences between them;
Metaphysics hinders the development of science and encourages logical empiricism to divide the tradition of science and metaphysics.
Make a new attempt.
Two, the analysis of the development of logical empiricism and the historical process of a comprehensive propositional system. Logical empiricism
Starting with the heritage of Kant, after more than ten years of years, the analysis and comprehensive propositional system has been gradually established.
About ten years after the establishment of the Department, Quin's "analytical" criticism induced system was divided from absolute to relative movement.
The analysis and comprehensive propositional system have been perfected.
In order to find the right way to obtain scientific truth, Kant first accepted the views of Leibniz and Hume.
For the first time in the history of western philosophy, the definite areas of judgment were divided into analytical and comprehensive judgments, and then a priori was absorbed.
The results of the theory and the empiricism, the third judgments other than the original analytical judgment and the comprehensive judgment -- the innate comprehensive judgment
Broken.
The analysis and the construction of the comprehensive propositional system are divided into four steps:
1. Kant believes that there are two sources of knowledge, that is, innate and acquired, and logical empiricism considers all lives
A question is only from experience, and the validity of a proposition has a priori and a posteriori. The author criticize people to not add the two.
The phenomenon of distinguishing and even mixing is suggested, and it is suggested that Kant's point of view is expressed in nature, and the prior and posterior representation is expressed.
A logical empiricist view.
2. logic empiricism uses logical means to avoid Kant's confusion and divides the proposition into three.
Category: analytical propositions, comprehensive propositions and metaphysical propositions. The analytical propositions of logical empiricism and comprehensive propositions
It is far beyond Kant's analysis and judgment, and the comprehensive judgment is limited to the scope of the form of subject and predicate, and avoids the "inclusion of Kant".
The concept of "the metaphorical level": the metaphysical proposition has no true value and is meaningless.
In the meantime, the author makes Wittgenstein reflect on the significant influence of the classification of logical empiricism;
Inspired by Carnap and Quin, the author of the proposition is divided into three types: tautology proposition, proposition and contradiction for
Change the proposition.
3. logic empiricism denies Kant's comprehensive judgment and tries to establish the theory of "logical empiricism".
On the basis of the basis, there are two reasons for it. First, Kant confuses the psychological standards and logical standards, and has made a partial birth.
Comprehensive judgment. Second, the innate comprehensive judgment is created for the scientific facts of the time from the philosophical point of view.
When new scientific facts are not explained, there is no reason to exist.
4. Kant connects innate and analysis to necessity, and the day after the day, the synthesis is connected with contingency.
Empiricism develops logical demonstration, spiritual proof, analysis, transcendental and inexorable equivalence, synthesis, posteriori and contingency
The process of proof of logical empiricism is discussed by the author for the first time.
The division of analysis and comprehensive propositional system is divided from absolute to relative two steps.
1. Quin's criticism of the "analysis" definition is far sighted.
The absolute division of the analysis and the comprehensive propositional system is changed to the relative division. This arouses people's definition of "analysis".
Unremitting exploration.
2. the boundary line theory of logical empiricism defeated the unbounded line theory of Quin and maintained the analysis and synthesis proposition.
The division of the system.
Three, first of all, it focuses on the analysis of the logic empiricism and the comprehensive proposition through the analysis of the theory of reductionism and the standard of meaning.
There are many difficulties in the defense of metaphysics, and then the need for metaphysics because of science,
Logical empiricism discontinued the previous defence and put interest in metaphysics to the benefit of scientific research.
"The historical mission of the analysis and the comprehensive propositions to reject the metaphysics ended.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2001
【分類號(hào)】：B81-06;B812.22

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 周小水;論分析命題與綜合命題的區(qū)分[D];浙江工業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

本文編號(hào)：1702575