本文關(guān)鍵詞： 批判性思維 臨界性 邏輯學(xué) 心理邏輯 認(rèn)知科學(xué)　出處：《湖北大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版)》2016年04期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：批判性思維(critical thinking)是一個(gè)英文外來詞,在這個(gè)詞中,critical除了具有"批判性的"的意義外,還有一個(gè)更重要的意義——"臨界性的",但卻被中文作者和中文文獻(xiàn)所忽略。批判性思維的臨界性首先表現(xiàn)為思維過程自身的臨界性:一方面,人類思維具有自指性,即后起的思維可以對(duì)前行的思維進(jìn)行再思維(反思),因此,人類思維可能產(chǎn)生自相纏繞,這是悖論產(chǎn)生的根源,也是思維臨界性的一種表現(xiàn);另一方面,人的思維過程是多維度、多通道的,演繹與非演繹,分析與綜合,邏輯與心理,語言與修辭,語言與邏輯,語言與心理,這些都是思維過程的不同側(cè)面,是不可分割的,批判性思維也是這種臨界性的反映。除此之外,批判性思維還具有元思維或高階思維的特征、具有多學(xué)科和多領(lǐng)域交叉的特征。批判性思維的這些特征可在語言學(xué)(語用學(xué))、邏輯學(xué)(假言推理、三段論、溯因推理)、決策理論(博弈論、期望效用理論、前景理論、雙系統(tǒng)加工理論)中獲得證明。
[Abstract]:Critical thinking (critical thinking) is an English loanword in which the word "critical" has the meaning of "critical". There is also a more important meaning-"critical", but has been ignored by Chinese authors and Chinese literature. The criticality of critical thinking is first manifested in the criticality of the process of thinking: on the one hand. Human thinking is self-directed, that is, the later thinking can rethink the forward thinking (introspection, therefore, human thinking may produce self-winding, which is the root of the paradox. It is also a manifestation of the criticality of thinking; On the other hand, people's thinking process is multi-dimensional, multi-channel, deductive and non-deductive, analysis and synthesis, logic and psychology, language and rhetoric, language and logic, language and psychology. These are different aspects of the thinking process, are inseparable, critical thinking is also a reflection of this criticality. In addition, critical thinking also has the characteristics of meta-thinking or higher-order thinking. These characteristics of critical thinking can be found in linguistics (pragmatics, logic (hypothetical reasoning, syllogism), retroactive reasoning, and decision theory (game theory). The expected utility theory, prospect theory and double system processing theory are proved.
【作者單位】： 清華大學(xué)心理學(xué)系;
【基金】：國(guó)家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目:15ZDB017
【分類號(hào)】：B812
【正文快照】： 批判性思維在當(dāng)前的邏輯學(xué)、心理學(xué)和認(rèn)知科學(xué)的教學(xué)與科研中,是一個(gè)非常重要的內(nèi)容或領(lǐng)域,但不同學(xué)科對(duì)批判性思維的關(guān)注點(diǎn)和側(cè)重點(diǎn)還是有所不同。筆者根據(jù)多年在清華大學(xué)哲學(xué)系和心理學(xué)系的邏輯教學(xué)實(shí)踐,特別是根據(jù)在心理學(xué)系從事邏輯學(xué)教學(xué)的實(shí)踐,談?wù)勥壿媽W(xué)和心理學(xué)所理解，

本文編號(hào)：1451669