起甲、脫落、酥粉陶質(zhì)文物膠料彩繪的回位修復(fù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-18 20:32
【摘要】：我國(guó)有著悠久的文明史,早在新石器時(shí)代就出現(xiàn)了彩繪,這些文物彩繪蘊(yùn)含著人類(lèi)發(fā)展各個(gè)時(shí)期的科技、文化、風(fēng)俗、宗教信仰等豐富信息,因而成為古代文明的重要組成部分,對(duì)研究古代歷史、文化、藝術(shù)具有重要價(jià)值。但是數(shù)千年來(lái),隨著環(huán)境的變遷,這些文物彩繪發(fā)生了多種病害,如風(fēng)化褪色、起甲脫落、酥粉、滋生霉菌、粘結(jié)土銹等,給其藝術(shù)、考古價(jià)值帶來(lái)不可估量的損失,文物彩繪及金箔起甲、脫落、酥粉是其中最為嚴(yán)重的病害之一,急待科學(xué)保護(hù)。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)針對(duì)該方面的研究比較零散,主要集中在起甲壁畫(huà)的修復(fù),生漆彩繪的保護(hù),而對(duì)已經(jīng)起甲、脫落的陶質(zhì)文物膠料彩繪及金箔的修復(fù)還沒(méi)有系統(tǒng)的研究,且對(duì)修復(fù)材料沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)體系。本文以起甲、脫落、酥粉的陶質(zhì)文物膠料彩繪及石刻文物上的金箔作為主要研究對(duì)象,建立修復(fù)材料性能評(píng)價(jià)體系,進(jìn)行修復(fù)研究,主要包括以下內(nèi)容： 第一章介紹了我國(guó)古代文物彩繪發(fā)生的主要病害,包括風(fēng)化褪色、粘結(jié)土銹、滋生霉菌、起甲脫落等,其中發(fā)生起甲、脫落、酥粉文物彩繪類(lèi)型,包括壁畫(huà)起甲、生漆彩繪起甲脫落、膠料彩繪起甲脫落、彩繪酥粉、金箔起甲脫落。綜述了文物彩繪的相關(guān)物質(zhì)組成及分析方法。分析了溫度、濕度、光照、有害氣體及可溶性鹽等對(duì)文物彩繪的危害。綜述了國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)起甲、脫落、酥粉病害的研究進(jìn)展。 第二章針對(duì)起甲、脫落、酥粉文物彩繪病害的本質(zhì)是彩繪層與基體之間失去了附著力,提出了本文的研究思路：即增加彩繪層與基體之間的附著力,同時(shí)增加彩繪層的柔韌性,不改變文物的原有顏色,并能耐久保持。在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了本文的研究方法,包括修復(fù)材料的篩選和應(yīng)用兩部分。 第三章針對(duì)發(fā)生起甲、脫落、酥粉彩繪的特點(diǎn),建立了修復(fù)材料性能系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)體系,該體系包括附著力測(cè)試、柔韌性測(cè)試、色差測(cè)試及加速老化測(cè)試。針對(duì)文物膠結(jié)材料分析常用的色譜及色譜與其他技術(shù)聯(lián)用方法對(duì)鑒定文物膠料種類(lèi)存在的不足,提出了用元素分析和X光電子能譜對(duì)膠結(jié)材料種類(lèi)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)便、快速的分析。 第四章對(duì)西漢彩繪兵馬俑起甲、脫落、酥粉彩繪進(jìn)行了回位修復(fù)研究。通過(guò)掃描電鏡能譜、激光拉曼光譜、X射線衍射相結(jié)合,分析了咸陽(yáng)博物館西漢彩繪兵馬俑的紅色、白色、綠色及黑色顏料的主要成分,結(jié)果表明其成分分別為為朱砂、粘土、石綠和碳黑。同時(shí)采用光電子能譜、元素分析方法分析了其所用膠料,結(jié)果表明其中含有氮元素,推測(cè)其為動(dòng)物膠。 通過(guò)對(duì)ZB-F600水性氟、水溶性環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂B-63、聚乙烯醇、聚醋酸乙烯、Paraloid B72與顏料混合后制成樣品的附著力與柔韌性進(jìn)行測(cè)試,篩選了ZB-F600水性氟與水溶性環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂B-63作為起甲、脫落陶質(zhì)文物膠料彩繪的回貼修復(fù)劑。對(duì)ZB-F600水性氟與水溶性環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂B-63以不同配比濃度組成的回貼修復(fù)劑與顏料混合后制成的樣品,進(jìn)行柔韌性與色差測(cè)試,結(jié)果表明,ZB-F600水性氟與水溶性環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂B-63、水最佳的質(zhì)量百分比為25：3：72。對(duì)該修復(fù)劑與顏料制成的樣品進(jìn)行紫外老化、濕熱老化、臭氧老化,測(cè)試樣品老化前后柔韌性、附著力、色差,結(jié)果表明其上述各項(xiàng)性能均保持較好,耐久性穩(wěn)定,可以作為起甲、脫落陶質(zhì)文物膠料彩繪的同貼修復(fù)劑。 對(duì)水性氟、聚醋酸乙烯、骨膠三種材料與顏料混合制成的樣品,進(jìn)行紫外、濕熱、干熱老化,結(jié)果表明以水性氟制備的顏料樣品的附著力老化前后都保持較好,耐久性能優(yōu)異,可作為酥粉彩繪的修復(fù)劑。同時(shí),通過(guò)對(duì)不同濃度水性氟制備的朱砂、石綠顏料的附著力、柔韌性及色差進(jìn)行測(cè)試,表明,質(zhì)量濃度為0.4%-1%的修復(fù)劑既能使顏料保持較好的附著力和柔韌性,又對(duì)文物的顏色改變較小。 采用上述篩選的修復(fù)劑分別對(duì)起甲、脫落、酥粉的西漢彩繪兵馬進(jìn)行了小面積修復(fù),效果顯著。 第五章針對(duì)西安某公司收藏的北魏時(shí)期貼金石質(zhì)文物上金箔大面積起甲、脫落的現(xiàn)狀,分析了其上金箔的成分,金的含量在56.6%。將金箔分別用5%質(zhì)量濃度的聚醋酸乙烯水溶液、聚乙烯醇水溶液、ZB-F600水性氟水溶液、Paraloid B72丙酮溶液貼在平整的漢白玉與柔韌性試板上,分別在紫外、濕熱、臭氧條件下老化30天,測(cè)試樣品老化前后的柔韌性、附著力,結(jié)果表明,ZB-F600水性氟回貼的金箔樣品在這幾種材料中柔韌性、附著力最好,耐久性也最強(qiáng),選擇其做為起甲、脫落金箔的回貼修復(fù)劑。通過(guò)對(duì)以不同濃度水性氟回貼金箔樣品的附著力、柔韌性、色差進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,表明3%-8%的水性氟柔韌性、附著力居中,色差變化較小,可應(yīng)用于起甲、脫落金箔的回貼修復(fù)劑。在石質(zhì)貼金佛像上應(yīng)用,完整再現(xiàn)了其原有的風(fēng)貌。 綜上所述,本文建立了起甲、脫落、酥粉文物彩繪修復(fù)材料性能評(píng)價(jià)體系,利用該體系篩選了以水性氟為主的修復(fù)材料,能增加顏料與基體之間的附著力、增加顏料層的柔韌性,并能耐久保持,利用篩選的修復(fù)材料分別對(duì)起甲、脫落、酥粉的西漢彩繪兵馬俑及西安某公司收藏的貼金彩繪上起甲金箔進(jìn)行了回花修復(fù),效果顯著。
[Abstract]:China has a long history of civilization, and it has been painted in the Neolithic Age, which contains rich information of science, technology, culture, customs and religious belief in various times of human development, thus becoming an important part of ancient civilization and studying the ancient history and culture. The art is of great value. But for thousands of years, with the change of the environment, the color painting of the cultural relics has various diseases, such as weathering and fading, the falling of the nail, the shortening, the breeding of the mold, the binding of the soil and the like, so as to bring inestimable losses to the art and the archaeological value, the color painting of the cultural relics and the loss of the gold foil, It is one of the most serious diseases, and it is urgently to be protected by science. At present, the domestic research on this aspect is more and more fragmented, mainly in the repair of the first mural painting, the protection of the painting of the raw lacquer, but also has no systematic research on the color painting and the repair of the gold foil, and there is no unified system evaluation system for the repair material. In this paper, the property evaluation system of the repair material was set up, and the following contents were mainly included in the paper, as the main research object, to set up a system for evaluating the performance of the repair material. The first chapter introduces the main diseases of the ancient Chinese cultural relics painting. The damage, including the weathering and fading, the binding of the soil rust, the growth of mold, and the shedding of the nail, etc., in which the color painting type of the nail, the falling off and the crisp powder has taken place, including the painting of the mural, the painting of the lacquer of the raw lacquer and the falling off of the nail, the color painting of the sizing material, the falling off of the nail, the color painting of the shortening powder, and the stripping of the gold foil. The paper reviews the composition of the related substances and the analysis of the cultural relics. The safety of color painting of cultural relics, such as temperature, humidity, light, harmful gas and soluble salt, is analyzed. In this paper, the research of the disease of the first, the falling and the crisp powder in China is reviewed in this paper. In the second chapter, the paper puts forward the thought of this paper: to increase the adhesive force between the colored drawing layer and the base, and to increase the flexibility of the colored drawing layer and not to change the original of the cultural relics. It's color, and it's all right. In this paper, the research methods of this paper, including the screening and application of the repair materials, are put forward. In the third chapter, the evaluation system of the system for evaluating the performance of the repair material is established, which includes the adhesion test, the flexibility test, the color difference test and the addition. In view of the defects in the identification of the species of the cultural relic, the analysis of the element and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to make the type of the cementing material simple and convenient. The fourth chapter is to make a rapid analysis. The fourth chapter is to carry out the color painting of the Terracotta Warriors of the Western Han Dynasty. The main components of the red, white, green and black pigments of the Terracotta Warriors of the Xihan Museum of the Xihan Museum were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser Raman spectrum and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the components were cinnabar and mucin. in that light of the photoelectron spectroscopy and the element analysis method, the size of the compound is analyzed, and the result shows that the compound contain the nitrogen element, The adhesion and flexibility of ZB-F600 aqueous fluorine, water-soluble epoxy resin B-63, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, Parapid B72 and pigment were tested and ZB-F600 aqueous fluorine and water-soluble epoxy tree were selected. The grease B-63 is used as the starting and falling ceramic cultural relic glue. A paste-back repairing agent for color painting is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: B-63 of the ZB-F600 aqueous fluorine and the water-soluble epoxy resin B-63 and the pigment, and carrying out flexibility and color difference test, the sample prepared by the repairing agent and the pigment is subjected to ultraviolet aging, humid heat aging and ozone aging, and the flexibility, the adhesive force and the color difference before and after aging of the test sample are tested, It is stable and can be used as a starting and falling ceramic cultural relic glue. the sample prepared by mixing the three materials of aqueous fluorine, polyvinyl acetate and bone glue and the pigment is subjected to ultraviolet, heat and dry heat aging, the results show that the adhesive force of the pigment sample prepared by the aqueous fluorine is good, the durability can be excellent, Meanwhile, the adhesion, flexibility and color difference of the cinnabar and the stone green pigment prepared by different concentration of aqueous fluorine are tested, and the color change of the cultural relics is small, In the fifth chapter, the paper analyzes the current situation of the large area of gold foil in the gold foil of the gold foil during the Northern Wei period, which is collected by some company in Xi 'an, and analyzes the gold on the gold foil. The content of the foil is 56.6%, and the gold foil is respectively coated with 5% mass concentration of polyvinyl acetate aqueous solution, polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, ZB-F600 aqueous fluorine aqueous solution, and the Paraloid B72 acetone solution on the flat Chinese white jade and the flexible test plate, In addition to aging for 30 days under the condition of damp-heat and ozone, the flexibility and adhesion of the sample before and after aging of the test sample are tested. The results show that the gold foil sample of the ZB-F600 aqueous fluorine-back adhesive is flexible in the materials, the adhesive force is the best, the durability is also the strongest, The adhesive force, the flexibility and the color difference of the gold foil sample with different concentration of the aqueous fluorine are tested, the adhesive force, the flexibility and the color difference of the sample with different concentration of the aqueous fluorine-containing gold foil are tested, the adhesive force is central, the change of the color difference is small, The invention relates to a sticking and repairing agent for starting a nail and a shedding gold foil, In the light of the above, the paper establishes a system for evaluating the performance of the color painting and repairing material of the cultural relics, which is based on the water-based fluorine, which can increase the adhesion between the pigment and the matrix. so that the flexibility of the pigment layer can be increased,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K879.4
本文編號(hào)：2501769
[Abstract]:China has a long history of civilization, and it has been painted in the Neolithic Age, which contains rich information of science, technology, culture, customs and religious belief in various times of human development, thus becoming an important part of ancient civilization and studying the ancient history and culture. The art is of great value. But for thousands of years, with the change of the environment, the color painting of the cultural relics has various diseases, such as weathering and fading, the falling of the nail, the shortening, the breeding of the mold, the binding of the soil and the like, so as to bring inestimable losses to the art and the archaeological value, the color painting of the cultural relics and the loss of the gold foil, It is one of the most serious diseases, and it is urgently to be protected by science. At present, the domestic research on this aspect is more and more fragmented, mainly in the repair of the first mural painting, the protection of the painting of the raw lacquer, but also has no systematic research on the color painting and the repair of the gold foil, and there is no unified system evaluation system for the repair material. In this paper, the property evaluation system of the repair material was set up, and the following contents were mainly included in the paper, as the main research object, to set up a system for evaluating the performance of the repair material. The first chapter introduces the main diseases of the ancient Chinese cultural relics painting. The damage, including the weathering and fading, the binding of the soil rust, the growth of mold, and the shedding of the nail, etc., in which the color painting type of the nail, the falling off and the crisp powder has taken place, including the painting of the mural, the painting of the lacquer of the raw lacquer and the falling off of the nail, the color painting of the sizing material, the falling off of the nail, the color painting of the shortening powder, and the stripping of the gold foil. The paper reviews the composition of the related substances and the analysis of the cultural relics. The safety of color painting of cultural relics, such as temperature, humidity, light, harmful gas and soluble salt, is analyzed. In this paper, the research of the disease of the first, the falling and the crisp powder in China is reviewed in this paper. In the second chapter, the paper puts forward the thought of this paper: to increase the adhesive force between the colored drawing layer and the base, and to increase the flexibility of the colored drawing layer and not to change the original of the cultural relics. It's color, and it's all right. In this paper, the research methods of this paper, including the screening and application of the repair materials, are put forward. In the third chapter, the evaluation system of the system for evaluating the performance of the repair material is established, which includes the adhesion test, the flexibility test, the color difference test and the addition. In view of the defects in the identification of the species of the cultural relic, the analysis of the element and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to make the type of the cementing material simple and convenient. The fourth chapter is to make a rapid analysis. The fourth chapter is to carry out the color painting of the Terracotta Warriors of the Western Han Dynasty. The main components of the red, white, green and black pigments of the Terracotta Warriors of the Xihan Museum of the Xihan Museum were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser Raman spectrum and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the components were cinnabar and mucin. in that light of the photoelectron spectroscopy and the element analysis method, the size of the compound is analyzed, and the result shows that the compound contain the nitrogen element, The adhesion and flexibility of ZB-F600 aqueous fluorine, water-soluble epoxy resin B-63, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, Parapid B72 and pigment were tested and ZB-F600 aqueous fluorine and water-soluble epoxy tree were selected. The grease B-63 is used as the starting and falling ceramic cultural relic glue. A paste-back repairing agent for color painting is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: B-63 of the ZB-F600 aqueous fluorine and the water-soluble epoxy resin B-63 and the pigment, and carrying out flexibility and color difference test, the sample prepared by the repairing agent and the pigment is subjected to ultraviolet aging, humid heat aging and ozone aging, and the flexibility, the adhesive force and the color difference before and after aging of the test sample are tested, It is stable and can be used as a starting and falling ceramic cultural relic glue. the sample prepared by mixing the three materials of aqueous fluorine, polyvinyl acetate and bone glue and the pigment is subjected to ultraviolet, heat and dry heat aging, the results show that the adhesive force of the pigment sample prepared by the aqueous fluorine is good, the durability can be excellent, Meanwhile, the adhesion, flexibility and color difference of the cinnabar and the stone green pigment prepared by different concentration of aqueous fluorine are tested, and the color change of the cultural relics is small, In the fifth chapter, the paper analyzes the current situation of the large area of gold foil in the gold foil of the gold foil during the Northern Wei period, which is collected by some company in Xi 'an, and analyzes the gold on the gold foil. The content of the foil is 56.6%, and the gold foil is respectively coated with 5% mass concentration of polyvinyl acetate aqueous solution, polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, ZB-F600 aqueous fluorine aqueous solution, and the Paraloid B72 acetone solution on the flat Chinese white jade and the flexible test plate, In addition to aging for 30 days under the condition of damp-heat and ozone, the flexibility and adhesion of the sample before and after aging of the test sample are tested. The results show that the gold foil sample of the ZB-F600 aqueous fluorine-back adhesive is flexible in the materials, the adhesive force is the best, the durability is also the strongest, The adhesive force, the flexibility and the color difference of the gold foil sample with different concentration of the aqueous fluorine are tested, the adhesive force, the flexibility and the color difference of the sample with different concentration of the aqueous fluorine-containing gold foil are tested, the adhesive force is central, the change of the color difference is small, The invention relates to a sticking and repairing agent for starting a nail and a shedding gold foil, In the light of the above, the paper establishes a system for evaluating the performance of the color painting and repairing material of the cultural relics, which is based on the water-based fluorine, which can increase the adhesion between the pigment and the matrix. so that the flexibility of the pigment layer can be increased,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K879.4
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，本文編號(hào)：2501769
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