【摘要】：本文首先對(duì)薩恩薩依墓地的年代和墓葬形制進(jìn)行了介紹,重點(diǎn)分析出土人骨標(biāo)本最多的第二期墓葬的墓葬形制和隨葬器物,反映出公元前七世紀(jì)左右烏魯木齊南山一帶居民的生產(chǎn)生活屬于游牧經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)。 在這一大的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境背景下,文章開始鑒定采集有人骨標(biāo)本的27個(gè)墓葬墓主的性別和死亡年齡。在鑒定之前對(duì)鑒定應(yīng)用的中外方法進(jìn)行了列舉。在鑒定過程中注重中外鑒定方法之間在準(zhǔn)確性、適用性和靈活性以及鑒定結(jié)論之間進(jìn)行等多方面的比較,探討適用于薩恩薩依墓地的性別、年齡鑒定方法,得出在目前條件下比較合理的性別、年齡結(jié)論。 在采集的27個(gè)個(gè)體的骨骼材料中,牙齒材料比較豐富并獨(dú)具研究?jī)r(jià)值。文章通過對(duì)牙齒的磨損程度進(jìn)行觀測(cè)并對(duì)照附近地區(qū)的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),分析公元前七世紀(jì)左右烏魯木齊南山一帶居民牙齒磨損方面的特點(diǎn)。然后對(duì)牙齒上呈現(xiàn)出的牙垢、齲齒、牙周病、多生牙、牙齒生前脫落、牙釉質(zhì)發(fā)育不良、牙齒豎向裂縫和釉質(zhì)開裂、下頜骨舌側(cè)外生骨疣等多種病理現(xiàn)象,分別進(jìn)行了描述和列舉,反映出當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦目谇恍l(wèi)生狀況。進(jìn)而通過對(duì)這些口腔衛(wèi)生狀況進(jìn)行討論,分析出當(dāng)時(shí)居民的生產(chǎn)生活狀況與口腔健康之間的關(guān)系。同時(shí)對(duì)比發(fā)掘出土的同時(shí)代農(nóng)業(yè)定居社會(huì)居民的牙齒衛(wèi)生狀況,得出游牧經(jīng)濟(jì)下居民的牙齒衛(wèi)生狀況特點(diǎn)和某些方面存在的健康優(yōu)勢(shì)。 27個(gè)個(gè)體中有3個(gè)的骨骼呈現(xiàn)明顯的損傷現(xiàn)象,這也能提供一些有趣又很有價(jià)值的信息。通過對(duì)外部損傷的傷口進(jìn)行描述和測(cè)量,可以看出傷口的一些特點(diǎn)和雷同性。進(jìn)而分析造成損傷的器物類型及其特點(diǎn)。同時(shí)也在某種程度上反映出當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)沖突和矛盾。通過對(duì)內(nèi)部損傷進(jìn)行觀察,進(jìn)而可以發(fā)現(xiàn)它們是由一些炎癥造成的。 由于新疆特殊的地理位置環(huán)境,出土人骨的人種類型總是受到考古學(xué)家和人類學(xué)家的關(guān)注和重視。薩恩薩依墓地的出土人骨研究過程中較多時(shí)間都在進(jìn)行頭骨的形態(tài)特征觀察和測(cè)量,通過觀察和測(cè)量得出的數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)頭骨在人種形態(tài)方面的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析。進(jìn)而將數(shù)據(jù)放入蒙古、歐羅巴和尼格羅三大人種特征值中進(jìn)行比較。最后得出結(jié)論,采集標(biāo)本中的大部分還是傾向于蒙古人種類型。
[Abstract]:This paper first introduces the age and tomb shape of Saansai Cemetery, and focuses on the analysis of the tomb shape and funeral utensils of the second stage of the graveyard with the largest number of unearthed human bone specimens. It reflects that the production and life of residents in Nanshan area of Urumqi around the seventh century BC belongs to the form of nomadic economy. Under the background of this great economic environment, this paper begins to identify the sex and age of death of 27 tomb owners who collected human bone specimens. Before the identification, the Chinese and foreign methods used in the identification are listed. In the process of identification, we should pay attention to the comparison of accuracy, applicability and flexibility between Chinese and foreign identification methods, as well as the conclusion of identification, and explore the methods of sex and age identification suitable for Saansai Cemetery. It is concluded that under the current conditions, the sex and age are more reasonable. Among the 27 individual bone materials collected, dental materials are rich and have unique research value. Based on the observation of tooth wear degree and the related data of nearby areas, this paper analyzes the characteristics of tooth wear in Nanshan area of Urumqi in the seventh century BC. Then there are many pathological phenomena on the teeth, such as scaling, dental caries, periodontal disease, multiple teeth, tooth shedding before birth, dental amelia dystrophy, vertical cracks and enamel cracking of teeth, exophytic bone warts on the lingual side of the jaw, and so on. The description and listing were carried out respectively, which reflected the oral hygiene status of the local residents at that time. Then, through the discussion of these oral hygiene conditions, the relationship between the production and living conditions and oral health of residents at that time was analyzed. At the same time, the dental hygiene status of residents in the same era of agricultural settlement society unearthed was compared, and the characteristics of dental hygiene status and some existing health advantages in nomadic economy were obtained. Three of the 27 individuals showed obvious bone damage, which also provided some interesting and valuable information. By describing and measuring the wound of external injury, we can see some characteristics and thunder of the wound. Then the types and characteristics of the objects causing damage are analyzed. At the same time, to some extent, it also reflects the social conflicts and contradictions at that time. By observing the internal injuries, it can be found that they are caused by some inflammation. Because of the special geographical environment of Xinjiang, the human species types of unearthed human bones have always been paid attention to and paid attention to by archaeologists and anthropologists. The morphological characteristics of skulls were observed and measured during the research process of unearthed human bones in Saensay Cemetery. The morphological characteristics of skulls were analyzed through the data obtained from observation and measurement. Then the data were compared in the characteristics of Mongolia, Europa and Niglo. Finally, it is concluded that most of the collected specimens are still inclined to Mongolian type.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K878

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