湖北鄖縣余嘴2號(hào)舊石器地點(diǎn)石器研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-10 09:52
【摘要】：本文介紹了余嘴2號(hào)地點(diǎn)的發(fā)掘概況和形成過程,在石器分類研究的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)石器原料、技術(shù)與石制品組合進(jìn)行分析,討論相應(yīng)的人類行為。并在石器實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)砍砸器進(jìn)行研究,同時(shí)綜合周邊遺址的發(fā)現(xiàn)探討漢水流域河谷地區(qū)舊石器時(shí)代人類的適應(yīng)特征。 余嘴2號(hào)舊石器地點(diǎn)地處漢江上游北岸二級(jí)階地。遺址發(fā)掘面積共500平方米,出土石器334件。余嘴2號(hào)地點(diǎn)的地層從上到下可以分為四層,第①層和第②層出土的石器較少,且根據(jù)對(duì)地層的觀察,為第③層擾動(dòng)所致,大量的石器出自第③層紅褐色粘土層中,第④層未見石器。 余嘴2號(hào)地點(diǎn)所處的階地主要是河流下切侵蝕作用形成的。階地形成后,除了古人類本身對(duì)遺址的改造外,此處至少存在三次擾動(dòng)過程:①遺存形成之初的流水搬運(yùn)與磨蝕;②歷史時(shí)期的干擾;③近現(xiàn)代的農(nóng)耕活動(dòng)。根據(jù)石器的平剖面分布分析,石器在遺址東部分布最密集,即礫石條帶范圍,西部也發(fā)現(xiàn)了一定數(shù)量的石器,中部石器分布比較稀疏,僅發(fā)現(xiàn)少量斷塊和碎屑。這樣的分布特點(diǎn)可能是由人類活動(dòng)程度造成的,東部離礫石條帶更近的區(qū)域和西部地勢(shì)較平緩的區(qū)域活動(dòng)頻率更高;也可能是流水的沖刷,把東部一些較輕的石器沖到了地勢(shì)較低的西部,中部反而最少。 余嘴2號(hào)地點(diǎn)的石器原料以石英為主,角頁(yè)巖和砂巖其次,另有少量碎屑巖和頁(yè)巖。剝片方法為錘擊法。工具加工方式以正向加工為主。修理方法以錘擊修理為主,工具毛坯以塊狀毛坯為主,片狀毛坯利用率較低。石器組合包括石核、石片、斷塊、斷片、打片礫石和部分工具,其中的非成品最多,斷塊、斷片和碎屑分別約占42%、19%、14%。工具約占11%,石核、石片的比例分別為5.7%、5.1%。工具類型包括砍砸器、刮削器、尖狀器、薄刃斧和手鎬5類。其中砍砸器最多,刮削器次之,尖狀器、手鎬和薄刃斧的比例都較低。 余嘴2號(hào)地點(diǎn)缺乏適用的具體測(cè)年樣本,故沒有絕對(duì)年代數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)漢水流域的階地研究成果,廣泛分布的紅土階地應(yīng)可能是中更新世的產(chǎn)物,而二級(jí)階地被歸入晚更新世。余嘴2號(hào)地點(diǎn)位于二級(jí)階地,故可歸入晚更新世早期。 石器實(shí)驗(yàn)分為復(fù)制實(shí)驗(yàn)和使用實(shí)驗(yàn)兩部分。利用當(dāng)?shù)氐氖蠌?fù)制砍砸器,結(jié)合與遺址出土砍砸器的對(duì)比分析,討論砍砸器的選料特征、制作工藝、使用狀況以及工具的基本性質(zhì)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:砍砸器的選料、制作與使用體現(xiàn)出便利合用的原則,反映了其作為即用即棄工具的基本性質(zhì)。 根據(jù)周邊漢水流域遺址的發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行分析,綜合漢水流域的地理生態(tài)環(huán)境、動(dòng)物群和石器工業(yè)特點(diǎn),本文認(rèn)為在漢水流域的古人有四種適應(yīng)類型,余嘴2號(hào)地點(diǎn)接近鄖縣人類型。
[Abstract]:This paper introduces the general situation and formation process of Yuzui No. 2 site, analyzes the combination of stone raw materials, technology and stone products on the basis of the classification of stone tools, and discusses the corresponding human behavior. On the basis of stone tool experiment, the smashing device is studied, and the adaptive characteristics of Paleolithic human beings in Hanshui River valley area are discussed based on the discovery of surrounding sites. Yuzui No. 2 Paleolithic site is located in the second terraces on the north bank of the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. The site was excavated in a total area of 500 square meters, with 334 pieces of earthwork and stone tools. The strata at Yuzui No. 2 can be divided into four layers from top to bottom. There are few stone tools unearthed in the first layer and the second layer, and according to the observation of the strata, it is caused by the disturbance of the third layer, and a large number of stone tools come from the third layer of reddish-brown clay layer. There are no stone tools on the fourth floor. The terraces at Yuzui 2 are mainly formed by river downcut erosion. After the formation of terraces, in addition to the reconstruction of the site by the ancient human beings themselves, there are at least three disturbance processes here: (1) the transportation and erosion of water at the beginning of the formation of the remains; (2) the interference in the historical period; and (3) the farming activities in modern times. According to the analysis of the horizontal section distribution of stone tools, the stone tools are the most dense in the eastern part of the site, that is, the gravel belt range, a certain number of stone tools are also found in the west, and only a small number of fault blocks and debris are found in the middle of the stone tools. This distribution may be caused by the degree of human activity, and the region closer to the gravel belt in the east and the region with a flat terrain in the west have a higher frequency of activity. It may also be the scour of the water, washing some of the lighter stone tools in the east to the lower west, but the least in the middle. The stone materials of Yuzui 2 are mainly quartz, followed by angle shale and sandstone, and a small amount of clastic rock and shale. The method of stripping is hammering. The machining mode of tools is mainly forward machining. The repair method is mainly hammered repair, the tool blank is mainly block blank, and the utilization rate of flake blank is low. Stone assemblages include stone core, stone sheet, fault block, fragment, gravel and some tools, among which the non-finished product is the most, the fault block, fragment and debris account for about 42%, 19% and 14%, respectively. Tools accounted for about 11%, stone core, stone slices accounted for 5.7%, 5.1%. Tool types include smashing, scraping, pointed, thin-edged axe and pickaxe. Among them, the proportion of smashing device is the most, scraping device is the second, sharp device, pickaxe and thin blade axe are lower. Yuzui 2 site lacks suitable specific dating samples, so there is no absolute chronological data. According to the research results of terraces in Hanshui River Basin, the widely distributed laterite terraces should be the product of the Middle Pleistocene, while the secondary terraces should be classified into the late Pleistocene. Yuzui 2 is located in the second terraces, so it can be subsumed into the early late Pleistocene. The stone tool experiment is divided into two parts: replication experiment and usage experiment. By using the local stone to copy the smashing device, combined with the comparative analysis of the smashing device unearthed from the site, the material selection characteristics, manufacturing technology, use condition and the basic properties of the tool are discussed. The experimental results show that the material selection, manufacture and use of the smashing device reflect the principle of convenience and combination, and reflect the basic properties of the chopper as a ready-to-use disposable tool. According to the discovery of the surrounding Hanshui River Basin sites, combined with the geographical and ecological environment, fauna and stone industry characteristics of the Hanshui River Basin, this paper holds that there are four types of adaptation to the ancients in the Hanshui River Basin, and Yuzui No. 2 site is close to the Yunxian human type.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K876.2
本文編號(hào)：2473557
[Abstract]:This paper introduces the general situation and formation process of Yuzui No. 2 site, analyzes the combination of stone raw materials, technology and stone products on the basis of the classification of stone tools, and discusses the corresponding human behavior. On the basis of stone tool experiment, the smashing device is studied, and the adaptive characteristics of Paleolithic human beings in Hanshui River valley area are discussed based on the discovery of surrounding sites. Yuzui No. 2 Paleolithic site is located in the second terraces on the north bank of the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. The site was excavated in a total area of 500 square meters, with 334 pieces of earthwork and stone tools. The strata at Yuzui No. 2 can be divided into four layers from top to bottom. There are few stone tools unearthed in the first layer and the second layer, and according to the observation of the strata, it is caused by the disturbance of the third layer, and a large number of stone tools come from the third layer of reddish-brown clay layer. There are no stone tools on the fourth floor. The terraces at Yuzui 2 are mainly formed by river downcut erosion. After the formation of terraces, in addition to the reconstruction of the site by the ancient human beings themselves, there are at least three disturbance processes here: (1) the transportation and erosion of water at the beginning of the formation of the remains; (2) the interference in the historical period; and (3) the farming activities in modern times. According to the analysis of the horizontal section distribution of stone tools, the stone tools are the most dense in the eastern part of the site, that is, the gravel belt range, a certain number of stone tools are also found in the west, and only a small number of fault blocks and debris are found in the middle of the stone tools. This distribution may be caused by the degree of human activity, and the region closer to the gravel belt in the east and the region with a flat terrain in the west have a higher frequency of activity. It may also be the scour of the water, washing some of the lighter stone tools in the east to the lower west, but the least in the middle. The stone materials of Yuzui 2 are mainly quartz, followed by angle shale and sandstone, and a small amount of clastic rock and shale. The method of stripping is hammering. The machining mode of tools is mainly forward machining. The repair method is mainly hammered repair, the tool blank is mainly block blank, and the utilization rate of flake blank is low. Stone assemblages include stone core, stone sheet, fault block, fragment, gravel and some tools, among which the non-finished product is the most, the fault block, fragment and debris account for about 42%, 19% and 14%, respectively. Tools accounted for about 11%, stone core, stone slices accounted for 5.7%, 5.1%. Tool types include smashing, scraping, pointed, thin-edged axe and pickaxe. Among them, the proportion of smashing device is the most, scraping device is the second, sharp device, pickaxe and thin blade axe are lower. Yuzui 2 site lacks suitable specific dating samples, so there is no absolute chronological data. According to the research results of terraces in Hanshui River Basin, the widely distributed laterite terraces should be the product of the Middle Pleistocene, while the secondary terraces should be classified into the late Pleistocene. Yuzui 2 is located in the second terraces, so it can be subsumed into the early late Pleistocene. The stone tool experiment is divided into two parts: replication experiment and usage experiment. By using the local stone to copy the smashing device, combined with the comparative analysis of the smashing device unearthed from the site, the material selection characteristics, manufacturing technology, use condition and the basic properties of the tool are discussed. The experimental results show that the material selection, manufacture and use of the smashing device reflect the principle of convenience and combination, and reflect the basic properties of the chopper as a ready-to-use disposable tool. According to the discovery of the surrounding Hanshui River Basin sites, combined with the geographical and ecological environment, fauna and stone industry characteristics of the Hanshui River Basin, this paper holds that there are four types of adaptation to the ancients in the Hanshui River Basin, and Yuzui No. 2 site is close to the Yunxian human type.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K876.2
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 潘俊杰;百色手斧研究[D];廣西師范大學(xué);2013年
，本文編號(hào)：2473557
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