【摘要】： 新疆一直是紡織考古出土品的關(guān)鍵地。由于這里干燥的自然環(huán)境,使大量的紡織品得以完好的保存下來(lái)。由于這里特殊的地理位置,使這里出土的紡織品承載著絲綢之路上文化交流的信息。1995年12月,在新疆羅布荒漠西北、美麗的孔雀河北岸漢晉時(shí)期的營(yíng)盤(pán)墓地出土了一具彩繪木棺,棺中的營(yíng)盤(pán)美男,震驚考古界。營(yíng)盤(pán)墓地的發(fā)掘成果被評(píng)為“1997年度全國(guó)十大考古發(fā)現(xiàn)”之一。營(yíng)盤(pán)墓地同時(shí)出土了大量精美的紡織品,這批出土紡織品所用纖維原料豐富,織物組織品種多,織物紋樣兼有中西風(fēng)格,并且此批織物出土?xí)r色彩豐富、色澤鮮亮。 目前,對(duì)營(yíng)盤(pán)出土紡織品的研究主要織物紋樣風(fēng)格題材的研究,對(duì)營(yíng)盤(pán)出土紡織品所用纖維的特征及老化狀況的研究國(guó)內(nèi)目前基本上還是空白。因此,本課題從營(yíng)盤(pán)出土紡織品原材料即紡織纖維的角度,對(duì)新疆營(yíng)盤(pán)出土的一批紡織品進(jìn)行了分析。分別對(duì)營(yíng)盤(pán)出土的絲纖維、毛纖維和棉纖維進(jìn)行了測(cè)試分析。本研究主要從兩個(gè)方面著手,一是纖維品種的判定;二是纖維老化狀況分析和老化原因的初步探討。 首先,對(duì)新疆營(yíng)盤(pán)出土的30個(gè)樣品進(jìn)行了纖維品種判定,確定纖維品種歸屬。主要采用纖維形貌特征分析和紅外光譜比對(duì)相結(jié)合的方法,來(lái)鑒別纖維。通過(guò)測(cè)試分析表明:所得30個(gè)樣品中,所采用的原料主要是絲纖維、毛纖維、棉纖維。其中,絲纖維包括家蠶絲、野桑蠶絲,綿線混合絲采用桑蠶絲和野桑蠶絲。毛纖維主要是羊毛(細(xì)絨毛)。結(jié)合纖維形貌特征和史料記載,營(yíng)盤(pán)出土的棉織物所用纖維應(yīng)是草棉。 其次,對(duì)30個(gè)樣品的老化狀況進(jìn)行了測(cè)試分析。主要采用形貌分析和紅外光譜分析等分析方法。分析結(jié)果表明:營(yíng)盤(pán)出土絲纖維發(fā)生降解,纖維出現(xiàn)綜合斷口,纖維結(jié)晶度增加,甘氨酸含量下降,熱分解溫度下降。營(yíng)盤(pán)出土毛纖維發(fā)生降解,纖維鱗片層被侵蝕,二硫鍵出現(xiàn)斷裂,胱氨酸氧化為磺基丙氨酸。營(yíng)盤(pán)出土棉纖維保存狀況比絲纖維和毛纖維好,纖維斷口少,由于氧六環(huán)的穩(wěn)定性,營(yíng)盤(pán)出土棉纖維化學(xué)性質(zhì)并沒(méi)有發(fā)生明顯的變化。 另外,通過(guò)觀察也發(fā)現(xiàn),營(yíng)盤(pán)出土的綿線織物有其特色,多加有極強(qiáng)的Z捻。營(yíng)盤(pán)出土}類毛織物,色澤鮮艷,色彩豐富,為古代染料的研究提供了極好的素材。 本論文對(duì)新疆營(yíng)盤(pán)出土紡織品所采用的絲纖維、毛纖維、棉纖維的具體品種和老化降解狀況進(jìn)行了分析。建立了科學(xué)的紡織纖維儀器鑒定方法,對(duì)紡織文物的保護(hù)工作提供理論依據(jù),避免容易使文物產(chǎn)生老化的環(huán)境因素,從而延緩文物損壞,使之能夠長(zhǎng)期保存。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang has always been the key to textile archaeological excavations. As a result of the dry natural environment, a large number of textiles can be preserved in good condition. Due to its special geographical location, the textiles unearthed here carry information on cultural exchanges on the Silk Road. In December 1995, in the northwest of the Rob Desert in Xinjiang, The beautiful Yingpan cemetery on the north bank of the Peacock River unearthed a painted wooden sarcophagus, which shocked the archeological world. The excavation of Yingpan Cemetery was rated as one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in China in 1997. At the same time, a large number of fine textiles were unearthed in Yingpan cemetery. The unearthed textiles were rich in fiber raw materials, many kinds of fabric weave, fabric patterns and Chinese and western styles, and this batch of fabrics was rich in color and bright in color when it was unearthed. At present, the research on the main theme of fabric pattern style and the characteristics and aging status of the fibers used in Yingpan unearthed textiles are basically blank in our country. Therefore, this paper analyzes a batch of textiles unearthed in Xinjiang from the point of view of the raw material of the textile unearthed in Yingpan, that is, textile fiber. The silk fiber, wool fiber and cotton fiber unearthed in Yingpan were tested and analyzed. This study mainly starts from two aspects, one is the determination of fiber varieties, the other is the analysis of fiber aging status and the preliminary discussion of aging reasons. First of all, 30 samples unearthed in Yingpan, Xinjiang, were judged for fiber varieties, and the classification of fiber varieties was determined. Fiber morphology analysis and infrared spectrum comparison were used to identify the fiber. The results show that the raw materials used in the 30 samples are silk fiber, wool fiber and cotton fiber. Among them, silk fibers include home silk, wild mulberry silk, wool mixed silk with mulberry silk and wild mulberry silk. Wool fiber is mainly wool (fine wool). Combined with the characteristics of fiber morphology and historical records, the cotton fabric unearthed in Yingpan should be made of straw cotton. Secondly, the aging status of 30 samples was tested and analyzed. The morphology analysis and infrared spectrum analysis were used. The results showed that the silk fibers unearthed in Yingpan were degraded, the fiber appeared a comprehensive fracture, the crystallinity of the fibers increased, the glycine content decreased, and the thermal decomposition temperature decreased. The fiber was degraded, the scale layer of the fiber was eroded, the disulfide bond was broken and cystine was oxidized to sulfoalanine. The cotton fiber unearthed in Yingpan has better preservation condition than silk fiber and wool fiber, and the fiber fracture is less. Due to the stability of oxygen hexane, the chemical properties of cotton fiber unearthed in Yingpan have not changed obviously. In addition, the observation also found that the cotton fabric unearthed in Yingpan has its own characteristics, with strong Z-twist. Yingpan unearthed wool fabric, bright color, rich color, for the study of ancient dyes provide excellent materials. In this paper, the specific varieties and aging degradation of silk fiber, wool fiber and cotton fiber used in Xinjiang Yingpan unearthed textiles were analyzed. A scientific method for the identification of textile fiber instruments is established to provide a theoretical basis for the protection of textile cultural relics, to avoid the environmental factors which are easy to cause aging of the cultural relics, so as to delay the damage of the cultural relics and enable them to be preserved for a long time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：K876

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉輝;;漢晉時(shí)期紡織品研究的回顧[J];中國(guó)科技史雜志;2013年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 彭婕;我國(guó)南方地區(qū)不同年代出土紡織品對(duì)比研究[D];浙江理工大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2439979