河南出土漢代陶塑動物研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-07 20:42
【摘要】：陶塑動物作為兩漢墓葬隨葬陶俑中非常重要的一類,在河南各個地區(qū)均有發(fā)現(xiàn)。這些陶器模型既代表了人類觀念上的進步和社會制度的巨大變革,又模擬著當時的物質生活狀況,反映出一個理想家園的一般模式。因此,研究漢代陶塑動物,剖析漢代陶塑動物大量出現(xiàn)的原因,對于研究漢代社會農業(yè)生產水平、生活習俗、審美情趣、喪葬制度,以及更深層次的認識漢代思想文化內涵有著重要的意義和作用。 本文收錄了河南121座漢代墓葬中出土的陶塑動物俑,依據(jù)動物種類將其分為陶家禽家畜類、陶非馴養(yǎng)類以及陶神獸類動物俑三類,依據(jù)美術考古的方法按照其雕塑姿態(tài)分型進行研究,并在此基礎上得出河南地區(qū)漢代陶塑動物的時空分布特點。西漢早中期為萌芽期,這一時期的漢墓中出土陶塑動物數(shù)量較少,品種較單一,出土地區(qū)以新鄉(xiāng)和南陽為主,藝術風格明顯地繼承了秦代陶塑藝術的風格特征。西漢中期至東漢早期為發(fā)展期,這一時期陶塑動物的出土數(shù)量大幅增加,題材廣泛,制作技藝逐漸成熟,類型也趨于多元化,家禽家畜類動物仍占主流地位,一些人們臆測中具有神力的動物也開始出現(xiàn)。東漢中期至晚期為陶塑動物的繁榮期,這一時期伴隨著莊園經濟的大規(guī)模發(fā)展,社會生活富足安定,明器的制作也圍繞谷糧滿倉,六畜興旺等題材進行。陶塑動物模型廣泛分布于河南各個地區(qū),野生動物及“祥禽瑞獸”較東漢早期更多出現(xiàn),動物型器皿也更為廣泛的出土于墓葬之中,表現(xiàn)出濃郁的社會自然生活氣息。不僅從內容上豐富了漢代陶塑動物,也從功能上實現(xiàn)了創(chuàng)新。 兩漢時期正處于社會變革之中,喪葬制度既繼承了秦朝隨葬俑的體制,又在“事死如事生”的喪葬理念影響下有所發(fā)揚,既滿足了墓主人對物質的占有欲,又符合了當時社會提倡薄葬的要求。漢代動物陶塑作品是漢代陶塑藝術的一個重要組成部分,各種各樣陶塑動物藝術形象的定位和發(fā)展,在陶塑史上起到了承前啟后、繼往開來的作用,在一定程度上體現(xiàn)了漢文化統(tǒng)一多樣的特征。
[Abstract]:As a very important kind of pottery figurines in Han Dynasty and Han Dynasty, pottery animals have been found in all areas of Henan Province. These pottery models not only represent the progress of human conception and the great change of social system, but also simulate the material living conditions at that time, and reflect the general pattern of an ideal home. Therefore, the study of the Han Dynasty pottery animals, analysis of the causes of the emergence of a large number of pottery animals in the Han Dynasty, for the study of the social agricultural production level, life customs, aesthetic interest, funeral system, And a deeper understanding of the ideological and cultural connotation of the Han Dynasty has an important significance and role. In this paper, 121 pottery figurines unearthed in Han Dynasty tombs in Henan province were collected and classified into three categories according to animal species: pottery poultry and livestock, pottery non-domestication and pottery god animal figurines. According to the method of art archaeology, according to the classification of sculpture posture, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of pottery animals in the Han Dynasty in Henan Province were obtained. In the early and middle period of the Western Han Dynasty, the number of pottery animals unearthed in Han tombs was relatively small and the variety was relatively single. The unearthed areas were mainly Xinxiang and Nanyang, and the artistic style inherited obviously the style characteristics of the pottery art of the Qin Dynasty. From the middle of the Western Han Dynasty to the early stage of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the number of pottery animals unearthed in this period increased significantly, the subjects were wide, the production techniques were gradually mature, and the types tended to be diversified, and poultry and livestock still occupied the mainstream position. Some speculated creatures of divine power are also beginning to appear. The middle to late Eastern Han Dynasty is the prosperous period of pottery animals. This period is accompanied by the large-scale development of manor economy, the prosperity and stability of social life, and the production of Ming utensils around the whole barn of grain and the flourishing of six animals. Pottery animal models are widely distributed in various areas of Henan Province, wildlife and "Xiangfengrui" appeared more than in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, animal-shaped utensils were also more widely unearthed in the tombs, showing a rich atmosphere of social natural life. From the content not only enriched the Han Dynasty pottery animals, but also from the function to achieve innovation. The period of the Han Dynasty was in the process of social reform. The funeral system not only inherited the system of the Qin Dynasty, but also carried forward under the influence of the funeral idea of "death as if it had been done", which satisfied the owner's desire for material possession. In line with the requirements of the society at that time to promote thin burial. The pottery works of the Han Dynasty were an important part of the pottery art of the Han Dynasty. The positioning and development of all kinds of ceramic animal art images played the role of linking the past to the future and opening the way to the future in the history of pottery. To a certain extent, it embodies the characteristics of the unity and diversity of Chinese culture.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K876.3
本文編號：2436444
[Abstract]:As a very important kind of pottery figurines in Han Dynasty and Han Dynasty, pottery animals have been found in all areas of Henan Province. These pottery models not only represent the progress of human conception and the great change of social system, but also simulate the material living conditions at that time, and reflect the general pattern of an ideal home. Therefore, the study of the Han Dynasty pottery animals, analysis of the causes of the emergence of a large number of pottery animals in the Han Dynasty, for the study of the social agricultural production level, life customs, aesthetic interest, funeral system, And a deeper understanding of the ideological and cultural connotation of the Han Dynasty has an important significance and role. In this paper, 121 pottery figurines unearthed in Han Dynasty tombs in Henan province were collected and classified into three categories according to animal species: pottery poultry and livestock, pottery non-domestication and pottery god animal figurines. According to the method of art archaeology, according to the classification of sculpture posture, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of pottery animals in the Han Dynasty in Henan Province were obtained. In the early and middle period of the Western Han Dynasty, the number of pottery animals unearthed in Han tombs was relatively small and the variety was relatively single. The unearthed areas were mainly Xinxiang and Nanyang, and the artistic style inherited obviously the style characteristics of the pottery art of the Qin Dynasty. From the middle of the Western Han Dynasty to the early stage of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the number of pottery animals unearthed in this period increased significantly, the subjects were wide, the production techniques were gradually mature, and the types tended to be diversified, and poultry and livestock still occupied the mainstream position. Some speculated creatures of divine power are also beginning to appear. The middle to late Eastern Han Dynasty is the prosperous period of pottery animals. This period is accompanied by the large-scale development of manor economy, the prosperity and stability of social life, and the production of Ming utensils around the whole barn of grain and the flourishing of six animals. Pottery animal models are widely distributed in various areas of Henan Province, wildlife and "Xiangfengrui" appeared more than in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, animal-shaped utensils were also more widely unearthed in the tombs, showing a rich atmosphere of social natural life. From the content not only enriched the Han Dynasty pottery animals, but also from the function to achieve innovation. The period of the Han Dynasty was in the process of social reform. The funeral system not only inherited the system of the Qin Dynasty, but also carried forward under the influence of the funeral idea of "death as if it had been done", which satisfied the owner's desire for material possession. In line with the requirements of the society at that time to promote thin burial. The pottery works of the Han Dynasty were an important part of the pottery art of the Han Dynasty. The positioning and development of all kinds of ceramic animal art images played the role of linking the past to the future and opening the way to the future in the history of pottery. To a certain extent, it embodies the characteristics of the unity and diversity of Chinese culture.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K876.3
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