明代職官與平民墓類型初步研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-21 07:25
【摘要】：因?yàn)橛胸S富的史料傳世和距今年代較短,明代考古學(xué)的研究長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)在國(guó)內(nèi)不受重視,各考古機(jī)構(gòu)和高校從事這段研究的人員也是鳳毛麟角,每年的研究成果屈指可數(shù)。即便是從事明代考古學(xué)研究的研究人員也往往將工作重心放在大型遺址和帝王墓葬的研究中,從全國(guó)的角度對(duì)明代職官、平民墓葬的綜合研究尚未見(jiàn)到。因此,本文嘗試從墓葬類型這一方面入手,對(duì)全國(guó)已發(fā)掘的明代中、小型紀(jì)年墓葬類型做出初步研究。第一章,前言。主要介紹目前對(duì)明代墓葬的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、對(duì)明代皇室墓葬的研究成果以及本文的研究方法。當(dāng)前明墓分類的主流方法有兩種——按照墓葬的空間結(jié)構(gòu)分類和按照墓葬的建筑材料、類型特點(diǎn)分類。本文結(jié)合上述兩種分類方法進(jìn)行研究。從50年代早期開(kāi)始對(duì)皇室的墓葬研究已經(jīng)展開(kāi),目前出版的學(xué)術(shù)專著已有十?dāng)?shù)本之多。本文主要將關(guān)注點(diǎn)放在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)有準(zhǔn)確紀(jì)年的明代中小型墓葬上,并在考古資料的基礎(chǔ)上參考文獻(xiàn)資料進(jìn)行研究。第二章,明代職官與平民墓發(fā)現(xiàn)及研究概況。第一節(jié)主要介紹民國(guó)時(shí)期明代墓葬的發(fā)現(xiàn)情況,主要內(nèi)容參考衛(wèi)聚賢的《中國(guó)考古小史》,這一時(shí)期明墓資料僅限于發(fā)現(xiàn),并沒(méi)有做任何學(xué)術(shù)研究。第二節(jié)回顧1949年以來(lái)重要的明墓發(fā)現(xiàn),將目前對(duì)明代中小型墓葬研究成果做了一定程度的梳理。第三節(jié)根據(jù)全國(guó)已經(jīng)發(fā)表的明墓資料結(jié)合江蘇、上海、四川、江西等資料比較完整的省市粗略的計(jì)算出目前已經(jīng)發(fā)表的明墓數(shù)量。第三章,明代職官、平民墓區(qū)域劃分。主要根據(jù)明代的行政區(qū)域劃分、地理因素、文化差異和已知明墓的類型特點(diǎn)將全國(guó)分為南京、東北及中原、西北、湖廣、西南、東南六個(gè)大的區(qū)域。并簡(jiǎn)要的介紹了各區(qū)明墓的主要特點(diǎn)。第四章,明代職官、平民墓類型學(xué)分析與分期。根據(jù)各區(qū)明墓特點(diǎn)將其分為長(zhǎng)方形前后室券頂磚室墓、單室券頂磚室墓、單室(并列單室)平頂墓、豎穴土坑木槨(棺)墓、仿門(mén)樓式墓、壁畫(huà)墓、土洞墓(靴形墓)、三合土澆漿墓等墓式。將南直隸地區(qū)分為早、中、晚三期。早期從洪武五年(1372)至正統(tǒng)十三年(1449),中期從景泰元年(1450)到弘治十八年(1505),晚期自正德元年(1506)到崇禎十七年(1644)。西南和東南地區(qū)暫時(shí)以景泰、天順為界分為前后兩期。東北及中原地區(qū)、西北地區(qū)、湖廣地區(qū)因?yàn)橘Y料較少,墓葬特征不明顯暫不分期。第五章,結(jié)論。共分為四個(gè)部分。第一,從橫向比較,分析明墓的地域特點(diǎn)；第二,從縱向比較,分析明墓隨時(shí)間的變化趨勢(shì)；第三,明代家族有聚族而葬的特點(diǎn),給我們提供了絕佳的分期材料；最后,明墓對(duì)前朝墓葬也存在相當(dāng)程度的繼承和發(fā)展。第六章,余論。主要將寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中思考的一些問(wèn)題集中的表述出來(lái),這些問(wèn)題值得注意,但筆者沒(méi)有進(jìn)一步研究。一方面是筆者的一些初步思考,另一方面是給其他研究者提供一些資料和思路。
[Abstract]:Because of the abundant historical materials and the short age, the archaeological research of Ming Dynasty has long been ignored in China, and the number of archaeological institutions and universities engaged in this period of research is rare, and the results of the research are few and far between each year. Even the researchers engaged in the archaeological research of the Ming Dynasty often focus their work on the study of large-scale ruins and imperial tombs. The comprehensive study of the Ming Dynasty officials and civilian tombs has not been seen from the national point of view. Therefore, this paper attempts to start with the type of tombs, and makes a preliminary study on the types of small tombs in the Ming Dynasty that have been excavated in the whole country. Chapter one, preface. This paper mainly introduces the classification standard of Ming Dynasty tombs, the research results of Ming Dynasty royal tombs and the research methods of this paper. At present, there are two main methods for classification of tombs in Ming dynasty: according to the spatial structure of tombs and according to the building materials of tombs. In this paper, the above two classification methods are studied. Since the early1950s, the study of royal tombs has been carried out, and more than a dozen monographs have been published. This paper focuses on the middle and small Ming Dynasty tombs with accurate chronology in the whole country, and makes a study on the references based on the archaeological data. The second chapter, the Ming Dynasty official and civilian tomb discovery and research survey. The first section mainly introduces the discovery of Ming Dynasty tombs in the period of the Republic of China. The main contents refer to Wei Juxian's A brief History of Chinese Archaeology. The second section reviews the discovery of the important Ming tombs since 1949, and combs the research achievements of the middle and small tombs in the Ming Dynasty to a certain extent. The third section roughly calculates the number of Ming tombs that have been published in the whole country and combined with Jiangsu, Shanghai, Sichuan, Jiangxi and other provinces and cities with relatively complete data. The third chapter, the Ming Dynasty official, civilian grave area division. According to the administrative division of Ming Dynasty, geographical factors, cultural differences and the type of known Ming tombs, the whole country is divided into six large areas: Nanjing, Northeast and Central Plains, Northwest, Huguang, Southwest and Southeast. And briefly introduced the main features of Ming tombs in various districts. The fourth chapter, the Ming Dynasty official, civilian tomb typology analysis and staging. According to the characteristics of Ming tombs in various districts, the tombs are divided into oblong front and rear room coupons top brick tombs, single room (juxtaposition and single room) flat top tombs, vertical pit earth pits outer coffin (coffin) tombs, imitation gatehouse tombs, mural tombs, earth cave tombs (boot tombs), The mausoleum, etc., is filled with soil. South Zhili area is divided into early, middle, late three. The early period ranged from Hongwu five years (1372) to orthodox 13 years (1449), the middle period from Jingtai first year (1450) to Hongzhi eighteen years (1505), and the late period from Zhengde first year (1506) to Chongzhen seventeen years (1644). Southwest and southeast region temporarily to Jingtai, Tianshun as the boundary is divided into two periods before and after. In Northeast and Central Plains, Northwest China, Huguang area, because of the lack of data, the characteristics of tombs are not obviously phased. Chapter V, conclusion. It is divided into four parts. First, from the horizontal comparison, analyze the regional characteristics of Ming Tombs; second, from the longitudinal comparison, analyze the changing trend of Ming Tombs with time; third, the family of Ming Dynasty has the characteristics of gathering and burial, which provides us with excellent staging materials; Finally, the tombs of the Ming Dynasty also have a considerable degree of inheritance and development. Chapter six, the conclusion. This paper focuses on some problems in the process of writing, which are worthy of attention, but the author has not studied them further. On the one hand, it is some preliminary thinking of the author, on the other hand, it provides some information and ideas to other researchers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：K878.8
本文編號(hào)：2346306
[Abstract]:Because of the abundant historical materials and the short age, the archaeological research of Ming Dynasty has long been ignored in China, and the number of archaeological institutions and universities engaged in this period of research is rare, and the results of the research are few and far between each year. Even the researchers engaged in the archaeological research of the Ming Dynasty often focus their work on the study of large-scale ruins and imperial tombs. The comprehensive study of the Ming Dynasty officials and civilian tombs has not been seen from the national point of view. Therefore, this paper attempts to start with the type of tombs, and makes a preliminary study on the types of small tombs in the Ming Dynasty that have been excavated in the whole country. Chapter one, preface. This paper mainly introduces the classification standard of Ming Dynasty tombs, the research results of Ming Dynasty royal tombs and the research methods of this paper. At present, there are two main methods for classification of tombs in Ming dynasty: according to the spatial structure of tombs and according to the building materials of tombs. In this paper, the above two classification methods are studied. Since the early1950s, the study of royal tombs has been carried out, and more than a dozen monographs have been published. This paper focuses on the middle and small Ming Dynasty tombs with accurate chronology in the whole country, and makes a study on the references based on the archaeological data. The second chapter, the Ming Dynasty official and civilian tomb discovery and research survey. The first section mainly introduces the discovery of Ming Dynasty tombs in the period of the Republic of China. The main contents refer to Wei Juxian's A brief History of Chinese Archaeology. The second section reviews the discovery of the important Ming tombs since 1949, and combs the research achievements of the middle and small tombs in the Ming Dynasty to a certain extent. The third section roughly calculates the number of Ming tombs that have been published in the whole country and combined with Jiangsu, Shanghai, Sichuan, Jiangxi and other provinces and cities with relatively complete data. The third chapter, the Ming Dynasty official, civilian grave area division. According to the administrative division of Ming Dynasty, geographical factors, cultural differences and the type of known Ming tombs, the whole country is divided into six large areas: Nanjing, Northeast and Central Plains, Northwest, Huguang, Southwest and Southeast. And briefly introduced the main features of Ming tombs in various districts. The fourth chapter, the Ming Dynasty official, civilian tomb typology analysis and staging. According to the characteristics of Ming tombs in various districts, the tombs are divided into oblong front and rear room coupons top brick tombs, single room (juxtaposition and single room) flat top tombs, vertical pit earth pits outer coffin (coffin) tombs, imitation gatehouse tombs, mural tombs, earth cave tombs (boot tombs), The mausoleum, etc., is filled with soil. South Zhili area is divided into early, middle, late three. The early period ranged from Hongwu five years (1372) to orthodox 13 years (1449), the middle period from Jingtai first year (1450) to Hongzhi eighteen years (1505), and the late period from Zhengde first year (1506) to Chongzhen seventeen years (1644). Southwest and southeast region temporarily to Jingtai, Tianshun as the boundary is divided into two periods before and after. In Northeast and Central Plains, Northwest China, Huguang area, because of the lack of data, the characteristics of tombs are not obviously phased. Chapter V, conclusion. It is divided into four parts. First, from the horizontal comparison, analyze the regional characteristics of Ming Tombs; second, from the longitudinal comparison, analyze the changing trend of Ming Tombs with time; third, the family of Ming Dynasty has the characteristics of gathering and burial, which provides us with excellent staging materials; Finally, the tombs of the Ming Dynasty also have a considerable degree of inheritance and development. Chapter six, the conclusion. This paper focuses on some problems in the process of writing, which are worthy of attention, but the author has not studied them further. On the one hand, it is some preliminary thinking of the author, on the other hand, it provides some information and ideas to other researchers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：K878.8
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