【摘要】：上古漢語具有"家畜豬"概念的詞主要有三個,即"豕"、"彘"、"豬"。這三個詞分別來源于上古方言和共同語,它們的共存體現(xiàn)了古漢語的層次性,它們的歷史演變則呈現(xiàn)出此消彼長的局面。根據(jù)出土簡帛材料,這三個詞的競爭始于戰(zhàn)國末期。到了秦代,由于語言政策的變化,"彘"成為官方認可的正式用詞,而"豬"則被禁止使用。這一變化使得"豬"在秦統(tǒng)一后突然在文獻中消失,直至東漢才恢復(fù)使用。但由于"豬"一直作為通語活躍在口語中,因此最后取代"豕"、"彘",成為表示"家畜豬"的唯一形式。
[Abstract]:In ancient Chinese, there were mainly three words with the concept of "livestock pig", namely "ragweed", "pig" and "pig". These three words come from ancient dialect and common language, their coexistence reflects the hierarchy of ancient Chinese, and their historical evolution presents a situation of rising and falling. According to the unearthed bamboo slips, the competition for these three words began in the late warring States period. By the Qin Dynasty, due to changes in language policy, "pig" was officially accepted as a formal term, while "pig" was banned. This change led to the sudden disappearance of the pig in the literature after the unification of the Qin Dynasty and the resumption of its use in the Eastern Han Dynasty. But because "pig" has always been active in spoken language as a general language, it has finally replaced "ragweed" and "pig" as the only form of expression for "domestic pig".
【作者單位】： 西南大學文學院;西南大學漢語言文獻所;
【基金】：國家社科基金項目(11xzs001)
【分類號】：K877.5

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