【摘要】：陜西淳化棗樹溝腦遺址是近年來考古發(fā)現(xiàn)的一處先周及西周時(shí)期較大規(guī)模的遺址,當(dāng)時(shí)先民的生產(chǎn)生活狀況、經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)以及人和動(dòng)物的遷移問題,一直為學(xué)術(shù)界所關(guān)注。該遺址大量遺跡、遺物的發(fā)掘出土為我們深入了解早期周人的生活狀況、生產(chǎn)方式都提供了極有價(jià)值的研究資料。開展棗樹溝腦遺址的考古學(xué)研究,探討當(dāng)時(shí)先民及周邊動(dòng)物的行為,以期為揭示當(dāng)時(shí)的社會形態(tài)、古環(huán)境等提供證據(jù),具有非常重要的學(xué)術(shù)意義。考古學(xué)中利用現(xiàn)代高科技手段和自然科學(xué)方法可以深入揭示出土遺存的隱含信息。其中,同位素分析技術(shù)是科技考古學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)重要手段,已經(jīng)成為國內(nèi)外考古學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)問題。該方法主要是利用骨化學(xué)處理方法對出土人和動(dòng)物骨骼進(jìn)行分析研究,包括用碳、氮同位素分析研究古代人和動(dòng)物食譜,利用鍶同位素分析來研究人和動(dòng)物的遷移情況。本論文通過對陜西淳化棗樹溝腦遺址發(fā)掘出土的一批人骨和動(dòng)物骨骼進(jìn)行C、N及Sr同位素的分析,研究先民及周邊各動(dòng)物的食譜結(jié)構(gòu)、遷移情況,進(jìn)一步探索和揭示棗樹溝腦地區(qū)先民的社會生活形態(tài),與周邊各動(dòng)物存在的相互關(guān)系,復(fù)原古代環(huán)境等潛信息。通過對其同位素比值測試結(jié)果的分析,本文主要得出如下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識:一、通過對出土人骨樣品的C、N穩(wěn)定同位素分析研究可以得知,棗樹溝腦遺址先民的食物結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)以雜食為主,主要是以黍、粟等C4類植物為主食,并輔以少量肉食,肉食來源于馴養(yǎng)或部分狩獵所得的動(dòng)物;男性跟女性的食物結(jié)構(gòu)無明顯差異;先民的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)與其生活的環(huán)境和以農(nóng)業(yè)、狩獵和家畜馴養(yǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式直接相關(guān),并且當(dāng)時(shí)地處陜西地區(qū)的先民具有基本相似的飲食方式。二、對遺址出土的動(dòng)物骨骼樣品的C、N穩(wěn)定同位素分析研究表明,棗樹溝腦遺址出土的梅花鹿、兔子、狍子、熊為野生動(dòng)物,以C3類植物為主要食物來源。馬、黃牛、綿羊?yàn)榧茵B(yǎng)動(dòng)物,食物中既含C3類植物,也含C4類植物。豬基本屬于家養(yǎng)。豬、狗的食物中肉食占有一定的比例,其C、N同位素比值與人類似。馬、牛、羊的飼養(yǎng)方式可能為野外放養(yǎng)和固定喂養(yǎng)相結(jié)合,豬、狗主要是家庭喂養(yǎng),其食物來自人們丟棄或殘留的食物。在人類周圍的動(dòng)物,其食物結(jié)構(gòu)受到人類活動(dòng)的影響,與人類社會相互作用,相互影響。三、對出土的人牙釉質(zhì)樣品的Sr同位素分析可以得出,棗樹溝腦遺址當(dāng)時(shí)存在部分外來人口。四、遺址出土的動(dòng)物牙釉質(zhì)樣品的Sr同位素分析表明,遺址出土的1頭黃牛,1只狗,2只羊和1只老虎不是當(dāng)?shù)爻錾膭?dòng)物,是從其他地方遷移到遺址周邊生存;而其余動(dòng)物均為當(dāng)?shù)爻錾?br/>[Abstract]:Zaoshugou brain site in Chunhua Shaanxi is a large scale archaeological discovery in recent years. At that time, the production and living conditions, economic form and migration of people and animals were always concerned by academic circles. A large number of relics and relics excavated from the site provide valuable research materials for us to deeply understand the living conditions of the early Zhou people and to study the mode of production. It is of great academic significance to carry out archaeological research on Zaoshugou brain site and to probe into the behavior of the ancestors and the surrounding animals in order to provide evidence for revealing the social morphology and paleoenvironment at that time. In archaeology, the hidden information of unearthed remains can be deeply revealed by means of modern high technology and natural science. Among them, isotope analysis technology is an important means in the field of scientific and technological archaeology, and has become a hot issue in archaeology research at home and abroad. This method mainly uses the bone chemical treatment method to analyze and study the bones of unearthed people and animals, including carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis to study ancient people and animal recipes, and strontium isotope analysis to study the migration of human and animal. Based on the analysis of Con N and Sr isotopes of a group of human and animal bones excavated from Zaoshugounao site in Chunhua County of Shaanxi Province, this paper studies the recipe structure and migration of the ancestors and their surrounding animals. To further explore and reveal the social life of the ancestors in Zaoshunou brain area, the relationship with the surrounding animals, restore the ancient environment and other potential information. Based on the analysis of the results of the isotopic ratio test, the main conclusions are as follows: first, through the analysis of the Con N stable isotopes of the unearthed human bone samples, it can be concluded that the food structure of the ancestors of Zaoshugou brain site should be dominated by miscellaneous food. The main food was mainly maize, millet, millet and other C4 plants, supplemented by a small amount of meat, which came from domesticated or partially hunted animals; there was no significant difference in food structure between men and women; and the diet of the ancestors was different from the environment in which they lived and their agriculture. The economic model of hunting and domestication of domestic animals was directly related, and the ancestors in Shaanxi area had similar dietary patterns at that time. Secondly, the study of Con N stable isotopes of animal bone samples unearthed from Zaoshugou brain site shows that Sika deer, rabbit, roe deer and bear are wild animals, and C3 plant is the main food source. Horses, cattle and sheep are domestic animals. Food contains C 3 plants and C 4 plants. Pigs are basically domesticated. Meat accounts for a certain proportion of pig and dog food, and its C ~ + N isotope ratio is similar to that of man. Horses, cattle and sheep may be raised in combination with wild and fixed feeding. Pigs and dogs are mainly fed at home, and their food comes from discarded or residual food. The food structure of animals around human beings is affected by human activities, interaction and interaction with human society. Thirdly, the Sr isotopic analysis of human enamel samples showed that there were some foreign population in Zaoshugou brain site at that time. (4) Sr isotopic analysis of enamel samples of animals unearthed from the site showed that one yellow cow, one dog, two sheep and one tiger, which were not local born animals, had migrated from other places to live around the site. The rest were born locally.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K878

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