【摘要】：位于長江下游地區(qū)的凌家灘遺址是近年考古發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)掘的最為重要的古文化遺址之一,是該區(qū)域史前文明的一顆璀璨明珠。該遺址規(guī)模龐大、文化遺存豐富,其中墓葬內(nèi)隨葬的大量玉器尤為矚目,無論是玉器的數(shù)量還是玉器的種類,在長江下游地區(qū)都屬于突破性的發(fā)現(xiàn)。這批玉器的地層關(guān)系明確、數(shù)量大、組合完整、類型豐富,對(duì)這批玉器的研究是探討該文化性質(zhì)與面貌的有效途徑之一。本文主要對(duì)凌家灘遺址出土的玉璜、玉鉞、玉璧、玉塊進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的類型學(xué)分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上探討這些玉器類型發(fā)展演變的規(guī)律,并進(jìn)一步推測其消失或發(fā)展的社會(huì)因素。從出土玉器與陶器的數(shù)量來看,兩者之間的比例差額在逐漸縮小,也就是玉器數(shù)量在逐漸減少,而陶器數(shù)量在不斷增加,陶豆、陶壺和陶罐三者的組合是陶器中較為常見的組合類型,而玉器中玉璜和玉管是早期較為常見的類型,但玉管逐漸減少直至消失不見,玉鐲、玉塊、玉環(huán)等器形種類逐漸增多,不再是某種器形占多數(shù),而是出現(xiàn)一種平分秋色的趨勢(shì)。從凌家灘遺址墓葬分布位置以及各墓葬內(nèi)出土玉器數(shù)量、類型來看,凌家灘墓葬是有一定的計(jì)劃性和規(guī)律性的,墓葬群似可以分為若干個(gè)小單元,存在較為明顯的墓葬群組關(guān)系,應(yīng)該是一種社會(huì)狀況的反映。 凌家灘遺址出土的玉鷹、玉人、玉龍、玉龜版等一系列特殊造型的玉器,是凌家灘文化遺址區(qū)別于其它文化的重要標(biāo)志之一。本文通過分析這些玉器所蘊(yùn)含的精神含義,推測凌家灘文化已經(jīng)具有了最初的原始宗教信仰,但還處于初步階段,沒有像良渚文化的玉琮那樣形成重器規(guī)模,這可能是凌家灘這個(gè)獨(dú)立的文化遺址的文化特征也可能是以凌家灘為代表的這一時(shí)期的文化特征。從出土玉鉞、玉璜等來探討其社會(huì)含義,并根據(jù)墓葬分布位置以及出土玉器類型和種類將凌家灘遺址墓葬進(jìn)行社會(huì)等級(jí)劃分。概括說來,凌家灘文化時(shí)期手工業(yè)進(jìn)步、生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展、出現(xiàn)財(cái)富分化、等級(jí)制、崇尚宗教信仰和軍事活動(dòng),且可能與周邊其他部落存在聯(lián)盟關(guān)系。 除此以外,凌家灘文化的玉器與薛家崗文化、北陰陽營文化、大汶口文化和良渚文化出土玉器之間存在相互影響,對(duì)其研究可以從一些方面揭示長江下游地區(qū)史前文化之間的相互關(guān)系。本文主要對(duì)這幾種文化的部分同類玉器進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)它們之間有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系,亦即凌家灘文化并不是完全本土文化的發(fā)展,它兼收并蓄了很多其他文化,在此基礎(chǔ)上形成了自己的文化特色。
[Abstract]:Lingjiatan site located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is one of the most important archaeological sites excavated in recent years and a bright pearl of prehistoric civilization in this region. The site is large in scale and rich in cultural relics, among which a large number of jade objects buried in tombs are particularly remarkable. Both the number of jade objects and the types of jade objects are breakthrough discoveries in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The stratigraphic relationship of these jade articles is clear, the quantity is large, the combination is complete, and the types are rich. The study of this batch of jade articles is one of the effective ways to discuss the cultural nature and appearance of the jade articles. Based on the systematic typological analysis of jade Juan, Yue, jade piece and jade block unearthed from Lingjiatan site, this paper probes into the law of the development and evolution of these jade articles, and further speculates the social factors of their disappearance or development. From the point of view of the number of unearthed jade and pottery, the difference between the two is gradually narrowing, that is, the number of jade articles is gradually decreasing, and the number of pottery is increasing. The combination of pottery pot and pottery pot is a common combination type in pottery, while jade Juan and jade tube in jade ware are the most common types in the early period, but the jade tube gradually decreases until it disappears, and the types of jade bracelet, jade block, jade ring and so on are gradually increasing. It is no longer some sort of organ shape that dominates, but a trend of equalization. According to the location of the tombs in Lingjiatan site and the number and type of jade unearthed in each tomb, the tombs of Lingjiatan are planned and regular, and the tombs can be divided into several small units. The existence of an obvious group relationship between tombs should be a reflection of social conditions. The jade eagle, jade man, jade dragon, jade tortoise plate and so on unearthed from Lingjiatan ruins are one of the important symbols of the difference between Lingjiatan cultural sites and other cultures. By analyzing the spiritual implications of these jade artifacts, this paper speculated that Lingjiatan culture had its original religious belief, but it was still in its initial stage, and it did not form the same scale as the jade cong of Liangzhu culture. This may be the cultural characteristic of Lingjiatan, an independent cultural site, or the cultural feature of this period represented by Lingjiatan. The social meaning of the unearthed jade Yue and jade Juan is discussed, and the social grade of Lingjiatan tomb is divided according to the distribution of the tombs and the types and types of jade artifacts unearthed. To sum up, handicraft industry progress, productivity development, wealth differentiation, hierarchy, religious belief and military activities in Lingjiatan culture period, and there may be alliance with other surrounding tribes. In addition, there is an interaction between jade artifacts unearthed in Lingjiatan culture, Xue Jiagang culture, Beiyin Yangying culture, Dawenkou culture and Liangzhu culture. The study can reveal the relationship between prehistoric culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This paper mainly analyzes some of the same jade artifacts of these cultures and finds that they are inextricably linked, that is, Lingjiatan culture is not the development of completely native culture, it contains a lot of other cultures. On this basis formed their own cultural characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K876.8

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本文編號(hào)：2133102