本文選題：二里頭遺址 + 酋邦��； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：二里頭遺址是我國(guó)中原地區(qū)迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的最早的具有都邑性質(zhì)的聚落遺址,在社會(huì)形態(tài)方面屬于早期國(guó)家。從聚落演變來(lái)看,二里頭遺址經(jīng)歷了一般聚落—中心聚落—都邑聚落—一般聚落的發(fā)展歷程。通過(guò)采用聚落考古的方法,分別從宏觀、微觀角度對(duì)各時(shí)期的考古學(xué)信息進(jìn)行提取、梳理、分析,探索二里頭早期國(guó)家的起源、形成、發(fā)展和衰落過(guò)程,并結(jié)合自然環(huán)境和社會(huì)環(huán)境對(duì)其興衰過(guò)程進(jìn)行分析,將有利于中國(guó)早期國(guó)家興衰與人地關(guān)系、人際關(guān)系相關(guān)研究的細(xì)化和深入。 在我國(guó),早期國(guó)家是殘留有一些酋邦特征的特殊社會(huì)形態(tài)。其在邦群競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中孕育,脫胎于酋邦。如何用聚落考古的方法判斷復(fù)雜社會(huì)的性質(zhì)是酋邦還是早期國(guó)家的依據(jù)如下:個(gè)體聚落等級(jí)和層級(jí);同一區(qū)域中聚落之間的關(guān)系;最高統(tǒng)治者的號(hào)召力;勞力投入的規(guī)模;公共建筑物的特殊功能;生產(chǎn)專業(yè)化、分配集中化和經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域化;人口集中化。判斷的核心都是遺址內(nèi)各遺跡、遺物的社會(huì)功能和所屬。 從仰韶文化時(shí)期至二里崗文化時(shí)期,二里頭遺址的聚落等級(jí)發(fā)展歷程為:一般聚落—中心聚落—都邑聚落—一般聚落,在二里頭文化時(shí)期經(jīng)歷了中心聚落—都邑聚落的演變。用聚落考古的方法結(jié)合酋邦和早期國(guó)家理論分析二里頭文化各時(shí)期社會(huì)形態(tài)的演變可知,二里頭遺址在二里頭文化時(shí)期表現(xiàn)出了早期國(guó)家的起源、形成、發(fā)展、衰亡跡象,二里頭遺址一至四期的遺址內(nèi)各個(gè)微觀因素演變印證了整個(gè)過(guò)程。 一個(gè)社會(huì)的運(yùn)行依靠的是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)化的操作,細(xì)則是一些微觀因素在共同起作用。每一個(gè)不同的考古文化,在不同的發(fā)展階段,起導(dǎo)向作用的因素也各不相同。環(huán)境的好壞影響著人們生產(chǎn)和生活,與聚落的規(guī)模、層次、等級(jí)息息相關(guān)。從自然環(huán)境和社會(huì)環(huán)境的角度,關(guān)于聚落演變與環(huán)境變遷關(guān)系的研究將有利于二里頭早期國(guó)家形成、發(fā)展的動(dòng)力、途徑和崩潰原因的探討。 在二里頭早期國(guó)家形成的途徑中,自然資源是人口增加和流動(dòng)的誘因,影響著其他動(dòng)力因素的運(yùn)行,此期自然因素發(fā)揮著主要作用。統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的需求支配著生產(chǎn)和分配,決定著整個(gè)社會(huì)的發(fā)展方向,促進(jìn)了早期國(guó)家的發(fā)展。究其根源,貴族需求這一社會(huì)因素才是二里頭早期國(guó)家發(fā)展的主要?jiǎng)恿�。二里頭早期國(guó)家的衰落與崩潰與不同人群的需求和滿足的差異、人口的壓力、資源的浪費(fèi)和稀缺、宗教約束力的變化、外來(lái)勢(shì)力的壓力等因素都有著緊密的聯(lián)系。從系統(tǒng)論的角度來(lái)說(shuō),統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的個(gè)人取向和集體取向的輕重比例是早期國(guó)家和酋邦的分水嶺,且早期國(guó)家在宗教信仰制約的范圍內(nèi)允許統(tǒng)治階級(jí)個(gè)人取向的發(fā)展和強(qiáng)化。等膨脹到一定的極限,貴族需求過(guò)分觸及民眾生存需求的底線時(shí),民眾對(duì)國(guó)家的信心缺失。在生存壓力下,宗教系統(tǒng)也無(wú)法再維持對(duì)民眾的精神制約,權(quán)力對(duì)民眾失去約束,政治系統(tǒng)日愈脆弱,自然無(wú)法應(yīng)對(duì)外來(lái)力量的攻擊,因此導(dǎo)致崩潰。資源導(dǎo)致的社會(huì)沖突是二里頭早期國(guó)家崩潰的主要原因。更進(jìn)一步來(lái)說(shuō),個(gè)人取向意識(shí)的強(qiáng)化是一切崩潰因素的根源,二里頭早期國(guó)家的衰落是因統(tǒng)治階級(jí)個(gè)人取向意識(shí)的強(qiáng)化造成的報(bào)酬遞減導(dǎo)致的系統(tǒng)崩潰。
[Abstract]:The site of the site of the second site is the earliest settlement site in the Central Plains of China, which is the earliest settlement site with the nature of a city. It is an early state in the social form. From the evolution of the settlement, the site of the site has experienced the development process of the general settlement center settlement - the settlement of the capital settlement. From the macroscopic and microcosmic angles, the archaeological information of each period is extracted, combed and analyzed. The process of the origin, formation, development and decline of the early years of the country is explored, and the process of its prosperity and decline is analyzed in combination with the natural environment and social environment, which will be beneficial to the development and decline of China's early countries and the relationship of human and land, and the refinement of relationships related to human relations. And deep.
In our country, the early state was a special social form with the characteristics of some Emirates. It was conceived in the competition of the state group and was born out of the Emirates. How to judge the nature of the complex society by the method of settlement archaeology is the basis of the Emirates or the early states: the individual settlement grade and level; the relationship between the settlements in the same region; the supreme ruler. The appeal; the scale of the labor input; the special functions of the public buildings; the specialization of the production, the centralization of the distribution and the regionalization of the economy; the centralization of the population. The core of the judgment is all the relics within the site, the social function and the belongings of the remains.
From the period of Yangshao culture to the period of two li gang culture, the development process of the settlement grade of the site is: the general settlement - the central settlement - the settlement of the capital - the general settlement, the evolution of the central settlement - the settlement of the capital in the period of the culture of the two Liru culture. The evolution of the social form in each period shows that the site of the ER Li Tai site shows the origin, formation, development and decline of the early state in the period of the culture of the early period of the two Li Li culture. The evolution of the microcosmic factors in the site of the site of the one to four phases of the site of the two Li Li site confirms the whole process.
The operation of a society depends on a systematic operation, and the detailed rules are a number of microcosmic factors working together. Each different archaeological culture, at different stages of development, has different factors that play a guiding role. The environment affects people's production and life, and is closely related to the scale, level and grade of the settlement. In the context of the environment and the social environment, the study of the relationship between the evolution of settlement and the change of the environment will be beneficial to the formation of the country in the early years, the motive force, the way and the cause of the collapse.
In the early stage of the formation of the country, natural resources were the inducement of the increase and flow of the population, affecting the operation of other dynamic factors. The natural factors played a major role in this period. The demand of the ruling class dominated production and distribution, determined the development of the whole society and promoted the development of the early state. The demand for this social factor is the main motive force for the early development of the country. The decline and collapse of the early countries are closely related to the differences between the needs and satisfaction of different groups of people, the pressure of the population, the waste and scarcity of resources, the change of religious binding force, the pressure of foreign forces and so on. The proportion of the individual orientation and collective orientation of the ruling class is the watershed between the early state and the Emirates, and the early state allows the development and strengthening of the individual orientation of the ruling class within the limits of religious belief. Lack of confidence. Under the pressure of survival, the religious system can not maintain the spiritual constraints of the people, the power is lost to the people, the more fragile the political system is, the natural can not deal with the attack of foreign forces, which leads to the collapse. The social conflict caused by the resources is the main reason for the collapse of the early two Li. The intensification of consciousness of orientation is the root of all factors of collapse, and the decline of the early country is the system collapse caused by the decrease of remuneration resulting from the strengthening of the sense of personal orientation of the ruling class.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K878

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 劉莉,陳星燦;城:夏商時(shí)期對(duì)自然資源的控制問(wèn)題[J];東南文化;2000年03期

2 韋正,馬彬;中國(guó)上古時(shí)期國(guó)家道路的幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)[J];東南文化;1998年02期

3 陳星燦;劉莉;;中國(guó)早期國(guó)家的形成[J];讀書;2006年04期

4 陳淳,龔辛;二里頭、夏與中國(guó)早期國(guó)家研究[J];復(fù)旦學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2004年04期

5 陳淳;;社會(huì)進(jìn)化模式與中國(guó)早期國(guó)家的社會(huì)性質(zhì)[J];復(fù)旦學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2006年06期

6 李安山;國(guó)家起源的困惑:整臺(tái)論抑或沖突論——斯賓塞關(guān)于國(guó)家形成的觀點(diǎn)評(píng)析[J];國(guó)際政治研究;2003年04期

7 張渭蓮;宋白樺;;論二里頭文化在商文明形成中的作用[J];河北師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2007年03期

8 何艷杰;;酋邦輪回與中國(guó)早期國(guó)家形成[J];河北師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2007年05期

9 殷瑋璋;;夏文化探索中的方法問(wèn)題——“夏商周斷代工程”結(jié)題后的反思(二)[J];河北學(xué)刊;2006年04期

10 邢穎;;早期國(guó)家的結(jié)構(gòu)、發(fā)展與衰落——荷蘭著名人類學(xué)家克賴森教授來(lái)北京講學(xué)[J];世界歷史;2006年05期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 段天t，

本文編號(hào)：1998626