本文選題：土墩墓 + 陶器��； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：土墩墓是一種江南地區(qū)特有的,以封土成堆為特征的商周時(shí)期的古墓遺存,主要分布于長江中下游地區(qū)的江蘇、浙江及安徽南部。這些土墩大小不一,多數(shù)為成群連片的集中出現(xiàn),也有少數(shù)零散分布。皖南地區(qū)的土墩墓群是研究江南土墩遺存的一個(gè)重要區(qū)域。早在1998年,楊楠先生依據(jù)皖南地區(qū)土墩遺存分布的自然地理特征,將其劃歸至江南地區(qū)土墩遺存文化區(qū)的西部-寧鎮(zhèn)區(qū)。2002年,宮希成先生根據(jù)皖南地區(qū)土墩墓的分布狀況和其自身特點(diǎn),并結(jié)合了自然地理狀況將皖南地區(qū)的土墩墓劃分了四個(gè)小區(qū),以漳河流域?yàn)橹行牡哪狭晡幕瘏^(qū)被提議可以列為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的文化區(qū)。本文集中討論研究的便是以皖南漳河流域?yàn)橹行牡哪狭晡幕瘏^(qū)。 皖南地區(qū)漳河流域主要指的是位于皖南地區(qū)北部、長江下游南岸的安徽蕪湖境內(nèi)的漳河。漳河上游主要指的是漳河流經(jīng)南陵縣南鄉(xiāng)的區(qū)域,即現(xiàn)今蕪湖南陵縣葛林行政鄉(xiāng)、南陵縣三里鎮(zhèn)新義行政村和南陵縣牌樓行政村所在的區(qū)域,介于北緯30°40′至31°10′,東經(jīng)117°57′至118°20′之間。該范圍內(nèi)有著劉家山、千峰山和龍頭山三大主要山脈及漳河這條重要河流,以及多個(gè)可能是由于人工取土形成的不知名水塘。漳河上游的土墩墓群主要分布于三大區(qū)域,它們分別是南陵縣三里鎮(zhèn)新義行政村畫眉自然村劉家山一帶,牌樓行政村龍頭山一帶和葛林鄉(xiāng)千峰、官洲行政村千峰山。 本文主要是通過分析1989年與2010年安徽省文物考古研究所在南陵漳河上游的土墩墓群發(fā)掘材料,結(jié)合已公開發(fā)表過的有關(guān)南陵地區(qū)土墩墓的調(diào)查資料,進(jìn)行深入探討,以求從點(diǎn)切入,進(jìn)而對皖南漳河上游的土墩墓群整體文化面貌進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。本文采用的是總-分-總的論述結(jié)構(gòu)。首先,總的概括目前國內(nèi)對于皖南地區(qū),尤其是南陵地區(qū)土墩遺存的研究狀況；然后,分別以獨(dú)立章節(jié)重點(diǎn)研究皖南漳河上游三大區(qū)域的土墩墓群遺存情況；最后,對皖南漳河上游三大土墩墓群分布區(qū)域進(jìn)行年代對應(yīng)的墓群概況、墓葬形制和隨葬品等具體問題的對比分析性研究,從而了解皖南漳河上游土墩墓群遺存的整體文化面貌。在整個(gè)分析研究工作完成之后,結(jié)合前輩學(xué)者業(yè)已完成的有關(guān)皖南地區(qū)土墩墓群文化屬性的分析材料,推斷出吳越文化可能是漳河上游土墩墓群的主要文化來源,而楚文化的東擴(kuò)是導(dǎo)致其文化衰落的原因。其中,不可忽視的是寧鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)的湖熟文化對其造成的影響。 通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),漳河流域的土墩遺存約始于西周早、中期,豎穴深坑的葬式影響著并逐漸取代了當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)的土墩堆筑方式,直至戰(zhàn)國早期開始衰弱且逐漸消失。皖南漳河上游地區(qū)的土墩墓群主要是依山脈走向分布,排列在山脊上的土墩多有規(guī)律可循,而分布在山腳或山坡地帶的土墩墓多為集群、散亂的排列。同時(shí),分布在山脊上的土墩墓通常海拔相對較高,隆起較明顯,保存較完整,而分布于山坡或山嶺緩沖地帶的土墩墓多呈漫坡狀分布,或因常年的水土流失或因人為地取土,致使其墩底直徑大于原有的實(shí)際墩底直徑。 在土墩墓群的分布上,大致可以按一條山脊及其附屬的山坡地帶劃出一個(gè)相對獨(dú)立的墓區(qū)單元。各個(gè)墓區(qū)單元之間均有山?jīng)_相隔。通常而言,在每個(gè)墓區(qū)單元內(nèi)若存在著一個(gè)大型的土墩遺存,其周圍將環(huán)繞著數(shù)個(gè)略小的土墩遺存,或是以其為中心呈放射狀的排列于山脊上。而處于墓區(qū)單元內(nèi)的中心墓葬,其表現(xiàn)形式不僅在于其出土器物的內(nèi)涵上,還表現(xiàn)在堆土規(guī)模上。在墓區(qū)單元內(nèi)的土墩墓往往緊緊相依,形成整體的土墩墓群,出土同期的器物,其器物種類、數(shù)量、型式特征等極為相近,這便極有可能為家族墓群。 劉家山區(qū)域內(nèi)的出土器物種類和內(nèi)容相對較貧瘠,多以當(dāng)?shù)靥厣挠〖y硬陶器為主,可能該區(qū)域內(nèi)的地域封閉性較強(qiáng)。王峰山區(qū)域的土墩墓群年代應(yīng)該偏早,因?yàn)槎喑鐾潦髋c夾砂陶器,未發(fā)現(xiàn)泥質(zhì)陶器,故而對于陶器陶土的篩選未曾注意。龍頭山區(qū)域的土墩墓群年代有早有晚,加之出土器物的種類、數(shù)量和內(nèi)容最為豐富,而且在龍頭山區(qū)域內(nèi)及該區(qū)域內(nèi)的墓區(qū)單元內(nèi)皆存在貧富分化的現(xiàn)象,以上可以斷定該區(qū)域內(nèi)的文化內(nèi)涵傳承性較好。三大區(qū)域內(nèi)出土紅陶器的數(shù)量與種類要大大超過灰陶器。這從側(cè)面可以佐證,該區(qū)域在西周時(shí)期多是當(dāng)?shù)厝⊥廉?dāng)?shù)刂圃焐钐掌�。同時(shí),在漳河上游地區(qū)分布著眾多西周時(shí)期的臺形遺址和古銅礦遺址,或許當(dāng)時(shí)此地發(fā)達(dá)的銅礦業(yè)與在這片區(qū)域內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)的豐富的土墩遺存現(xiàn)象有著密切的關(guān)系。 雖然該文化區(qū)在墓群分布、墓葬形制以及出土器物特征上與寧鎮(zhèn)區(qū)的土墩墓群有著諸多相似的文化特征,但是具有當(dāng)?shù)靥厣奈幕F(xiàn)象亦十分突顯�？偟膩碚f,筆者認(rèn)為皖南漳河上游土墩墓群三大區(qū)域可獨(dú)立為一個(gè)文化區(qū)。
[Abstract]:Based on the natural geographical features of the mound sites in the southern Anhui area , the mound tombs in the southern Anhui area are divided into four districts . In 2002 , the Nanling Cultural District , which is the center of the River Basin , is proposed as an independent cultural area . In the present paper , the Nanling Cultural District , which is centered in the Zhanghe River Basin , is discussed .

The Zhanghe River Basin in Southern Anhui mainly refers to the Zhanghe River in the northern part of Anhui Province and the south bank of the Yangtze River . The upper reaches of Zhanghe River mainly refers to the area where the Zhanghe flows through Nanxiang of Nanling County . It is composed of Liujiashan , Qianfeng Mountain and Longtoushan ' s three main mountains and Zhanghe River . It is mainly distributed in three major areas .

Based on the analysis of the excavated material of the mound tombs of Anhui Province in 1989 and 2010 in the upstream of Zhanghe River in Nanling , the author makes an in - depth discussion on the whole cultural aspect of the mound tombs in the upstream of the South Anhui Zhanghe River .
Then , the remaining cases of the mound tombs in the three major areas of the upper reaches of the South Anhui Zhanghe River are studied separately in the independent section ;
At last , a comparative analysis of the specific problems such as the tombs , the burial and the burial objects in the upper reaches of the upper reaches of the Zhanghe River in the southern Anhui Province is studied , so as to understand the whole cultural aspect of the cultural property of the mound tombs in the upstream of the Zhanghe River .

Through the research , it has been found that the burial of the mound in Zhanghe River basin begins in the early , middle , and vertical pit of the western Zhou Dynasty , and gradually replaces the local traditional mound construction method , until the early start of the Warring States period began to weaken and disappear gradually .

Generally speaking , if there is a large earth pier remains in each cemetery unit , the surrounding will be surrounded by a plurality of small mound remains , or it is arranged on the mountain ridge in a radial direction around it , and its manifestation is not only in the connotation of its soil and soil , but also on the scale of the compost .

There are relatively few types and contents of unearthed wares in Liujiashan area , and the local seal in the area is relatively strong . There are many kinds , quantity and content of clay pottery in the area of Wangfeng Mountain .

Although the cultural area has many similar cultural characteristics in the cemetery distribution , the burial form and the unearthed objects , there are many similar cultural characteristics with the mound tombs in the Ningzhen district . However , the cultural phenomenon with local characteristics is also very prominent . In general , the author thinks that the three major areas of the headstones in the upstream of the Zhanghe River of Anhui Province can be independently a cultural area .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K878.8

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本文編號：1960073