本文選題：甲骨卜辭 + 商晚期刑罰��； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：甲骨卜辭中的商晚期刑罰共有十一種,分三類,分別是：一、確定的商晚期刑罰：刖刑、宮刑、(?)刑、途刑,共四種。二、推測(cè)的商晚期刑罰：墨刑、劓刑,共二種。三、有歧義的商晚期刑罰：醢刑、(?)刑、乇刑、(?)刑、伐刑,共五種。這十一種刑罰無一例外都是以殘害罪犯身體、性命為手段的肉刑、死刑。 傳世文獻(xiàn)對(duì)于包括商代在內(nèi)先秦時(shí)代的“五刑”有明確的記載。然而,甲骨卜辭中有墨刑、劓刑、刖刑、宮刑,也有(?)刑、途刑、伐刑等死刑,卻沒有一條辭例將墨、劓、刖、宮,以及(?)途、伐等,同時(shí)記錄并明確定其為五刑,也沒有“大辟”,或與之類似的詞匯。因此,“五刑”的概念對(duì)于以甲骨卜辭中刑罰為代表的商晚期刑罰可能并不適用。 甲骨卜辭中能確定的商晚期刑罰(?)刑,與用牲法中的(?)；存在歧義的商晚期刑罰：(?)刑、(?)刑、伐刑,與用牲法的(?)、(?)、伐,在名稱以及對(duì)罪犯與人牲的處置手段上有重合。這意味著刑罰與用牲法之間有交集。筆者認(rèn)為,交集產(chǎn)生的原因,在于實(shí)施的對(duì)象主要是俘虜。 甲骨卜辭中的刑罰與用牲法,主要集中在武丁與祖庚時(shí)期,而《殷本紀(jì)》等文獻(xiàn)記載帝辛?xí)r有嚴(yán)酷的刑罰,筆者推測(cè),文獻(xiàn)記載的帝辛?xí)r期的酷刑是對(duì)用牲法的借用。 甲骨卜辭所載商晚期刑罰種類多樣,主要分致人傷殘的肉刑與取人性命的死刑兩種,這反映了商代刑罰制度己經(jīng)很完備。學(xué)者據(jù)文獻(xiàn)記載,考證商代除了甲骨卜辭記載的刑罰之外,可能還有徒刑、流刑和自由刑等輕刑。甲骨卜辭所載商晚期刑罰,文獻(xiàn)記載的商晚期刑罰,共同組成了完整的商晚期刑罰制度。 相對(duì)于皋陶所作之刑、禹刑、湯刑,商晚期刑罰可能更加完備與成熟。相對(duì)于西周時(shí)代的九刑,商晚期刑罰還沒有與禮樂制度結(jié)合得很緊密,仍然較多地保持了刑罰的本來面貌。因此,商代刑罰,主要是商晚期刑罰,對(duì)于后世的影響,尤其是對(duì)法家的影響,可能很大。戰(zhàn)國(guó)末年荀子所說“刑名從商”,恰當(dāng)?shù)胤从沉税ㄉ掏砥谠趦?nèi)的商代刑罰的歷史地位。
[Abstract]:There are eleven kinds of late Shang penalty in oracle bone inscriptions, which can be divided into three categories: first, the determined punishment of the late Shang period: the punishment of cutting off, and the punishment of the palace. There are four kinds of punishment, road punishment. Second, the conjecture of late Shang penalty: Mo penalty, punishment, a total of two. (III) late Shang penalties with ambiguous meanings: salt and salt) Torture There are five kinds of punishment. These 11 kinds of punishment are all carnage to kill the criminal body, life as the means, the death penalty without exception. There is a clear record of the five punishments in the pre-Qin period, including Shang Dynasty. However, among the inscriptions of the oracle bones, there are inks, curses, cut off, palace punishments, and so on.) The death penalty, such as the punishment of punishment, the punishment of the road, the death penalty, etc., but there is no such thing as an example of intonation, cut off, palace, and so on.) Tu, felling, etc., also recorded and clearly identified as the five penalties, nor "grand", or similar words. Therefore, the concept of "five penalties" may not be applicable to the late Shang penalty represented by the oracle bones. What can be determined in the oracle bone inscriptions? Punishment, and the law of sacrifice; the late Shang sentence of ambiguity. Punishment) Punishment, and the use of the law of the zodiac, cutting, in the name and the treatment of criminals and animals. This means that there is an intersection between punishment and the use of the law of the beast. The author believes that the main reason of intersection is that the object of implementation is prisoners. The punishment of oracle bone inscription and the method of using animal were mainly concentrated in the period of Wu Ding and Zu Geng, while the literature such as "Yin Benji" recorded the severe punishment at the time of emperors. The author speculated that the torture in the period of monarchy recorded in the literature was the borrowing of the law of the beast. There are various kinds of late Shang penalty in the oracle bone inscriptions, mainly divided into two kinds: the maiming and the death penalty, which reflects the perfection of the penalty system in Shang Dynasty. According to the literature, the scholars proved that in the Shang Dynasty, in addition to the punishment recorded in the oracle bone inscriptions, there may be light punishments, such as imprisonment, living-penalty and freedom punishment. The late Shang penalty contained in the oracle bone inscription and the later Shang penalty recorded in the literature formed a complete system of late Shang penalty. Compared with Gao Tao's punishment, Yu's punishment, Tang's punishment and late Shang's punishment may be more complete and mature. Compared with the nine punishments in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the late Shang Dynasty penalty was not closely combined with the system of rites and music, and still kept the original appearance of the penalty. Therefore, the penalty of Shang Dynasty, mainly in the late Shang Dynasty, may have a great influence on later generations, especially on Legalists. In the late warring States period, Xunzi called "criminal name following commerce", which appropriately reflected the historical position of Shang penalty including the late Shang Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K877.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 于省吾;_灱?jí)嬊文看商代社g性岅[J];東北人民大學(xué)人文科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1957年Z1期

2 胡厚宣;;殷代的刖刑[J];考古;1973年02期

3 ;1973年安陽(yáng)小屯南地發(fā)掘簡(jiǎn)報(bào)[J];考古;1975年01期

4 楊錫璋;楊寶成;;從商代祭祀坑看商代奴隸社會(huì)的人牲[J];考古;1977年01期

5 ;安陽(yáng)大司空村殷代殺殉坑[J];考古;1978年01期

6 黃展岳;;殷商墓葬中人殉人牲的再考察——附論殉牲祭牲[J];考古;1983年10期

7 黃展岳;;中國(guó)古代的人牲人殉問題[J];考古;1987年02期

8 郭寶鈞;;一九五○年春殷墟發(fā)掘報(bào)告[J];考古學(xué)報(bào);1951年00期

9 韓康信;潘其風(fēng);;殷代人種問題考察[J];歷史研究;1980年02期

10 楊升南;;商代人牲身份的再考察[J];歷史研究;1988年01期

，

本文編號(hào)：1952706