本文選題：江淮東部 + 史前時期��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：淮河流域在中國古代文明的形成和發(fā)展過程中占有重要的地位,但學(xué)術(shù)界對其重視程度遠(yuǎn)不如黃河流域和長江流域。尤其是受到自然環(huán)境變遷影響嚴(yán)重的江淮東部地區(qū),沒有得到應(yīng)有的重視,不僅考古工作開展得比較少,相應(yīng)的研究也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。在青蓮崗遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)之后,青蓮崗文化的命名提出,從而打破了原有的“仰韶-龍山”二元格局,但在20世紀(jì)90年代以前,江淮東部地區(qū)多針對青蓮崗附近的幾處遺址的文化屬性展開討論,但此時江淮東部地區(qū)少有遺址進(jìn)行過系統(tǒng)的發(fā)掘,因此這種討論多是借助于與青蓮崗遺址有近似文化面貌的遺址進(jìn)行,而這些遺址又多不屬于江淮東部地區(qū)的范疇。以致于江淮東部地區(qū)的原始文化以及史前時期的文化序列一直以來不能得到很好的解決。 淮河上游賈湖遺址的發(fā)掘使人們對淮河流域的原始文化有了全新的認(rèn)識,為了深入對淮河流域的史前文化的認(rèn)識,同時也為了解決江淮東部地區(qū)考古文化區(qū)系類型問題,20世紀(jì)90年代以來,南京博物院在江淮東部地區(qū)開展了一系列的考古調(diào)查及發(fā)掘工作,這不僅為此前持久的關(guān)于青蓮崗文化的討論提供了新的線索,同時也為該區(qū)域的綜合研究積累了大量新材料,而近幾年進(jìn)行的全國第三次文物普查,使江淮東部地區(qū)的史前遺址的數(shù)量又有所增加。與此同時,相鄰的海岱地區(qū)以及太湖地區(qū)的考古研究工作愈加充實(shí),對兩個地區(qū)的考古學(xué)文化的發(fā)展序列及文化面貌有了清楚的認(rèn)識；同時由于新考古學(xué)的傳入,使我們認(rèn)識到,考古研究要解決的問題應(yīng)該透過我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的考古材料,去闡述當(dāng)時的社會狀況,進(jìn)而過程考古學(xué)、社會考古學(xué)、認(rèn)知考古學(xué)、聚落考古學(xué)等以闡述為主的各種理論日漸其盛,特別進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來,考古學(xué)的理論與方法越來越成熟。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文對江淮東部地區(qū)史前遺存進(jìn)行詳盡分析,確立江淮東部史前文化性質(zhì)及年代發(fā)展序列,進(jìn)而從經(jīng)濟(jì)、聚落、思想信仰等不同方面探討由考古遺存所揭示的江淮東部地區(qū)的史前社會的發(fā)展進(jìn)程。 全文分為八個部分。 一、緒論：主要介紹文章選題的原因以及寫作的思路,同時對文章的時空框架作簡要說明,并對運(yùn)用的理論與方法作介紹。 二、第一章：江淮東部地區(qū)的自然地理環(huán)境。主要從地理地貌及成因、自然環(huán)境與氣候、海岸線變遷、長江入海口和淮河及西部諸湖的變遷等幾個方面,借助于自然學(xué)科已有的研究成果,對江淮東部地區(qū)史前時期的自然地理環(huán)境作介紹。人類發(fā)展的初期階段,自然環(huán)境及地理位置的優(yōu)劣,在很大程度上影響著人類社會發(fā)展的進(jìn)程。江淮東部特殊的地理環(huán)境,使得江淮東部在其最初階段形成了有著自身特色的考古學(xué)文化,但這也是其走向衰亡的原因之一,同時也影響著后期各種文化在江淮東部地區(qū)分布以及傳播的路線。 三、第二章：江淮東部地區(qū)史前考古工作與研究歷程。主要介紹江淮東部地區(qū)史前考古調(diào)查和發(fā)掘工作的情況,以及不同時期內(nèi)相應(yīng)開展的考古研究工作。對于江淮東部地區(qū)的考古工作及研究,可以1991年為界分為兩個階段,其中前期以調(diào)查為主,研究層面則主要集中于對文化遺存的屬性界定上；后期開始有了針對性的發(fā)掘工作,獲取了不同類型的文化遺存,進(jìn)而研究工作一方面開始轉(zhuǎn)為對之前的發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行重新審視與定位,并初步構(gòu)建江淮東部的史前文化發(fā)展序列,另一方面也開始結(jié)合發(fā)掘材料,闡述史前的社會狀況。 四、第三章：江淮東部地區(qū)史前文化的發(fā)展序列。在對江淮東部地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)的史前典型遺址分析的基礎(chǔ)上,與區(qū)域內(nèi)其他遺址進(jìn)行對比,從而梳理江淮東部地區(qū)各類遺存之間的相互關(guān)系,確立文化發(fā)展的序列；同時將文化遺存與周圍地區(qū)的文化進(jìn)行比較研究,以確定區(qū)域內(nèi)不同時期文化遺存的絕對年代與性質(zhì)。江淮東部地區(qū)不同階段的文化面貌和性質(zhì)存在著較大的差異,總體看來主要可以分為三個大的階段。第一階段是龍虬莊文化時期,江淮東部多為當(dāng)?shù)卦嘉幕姆植紖^(qū),但在文化發(fā)展的后期階段受到太湖地區(qū)文化的強(qiáng)烈影響,北部的青蓮崗類遺存則或可歸入海岱地區(qū)史前文化；第二階段江淮東部地區(qū)原始文化的獨(dú)立性喪失殆盡,區(qū)域內(nèi)多有良渚文化遺存的分布,進(jìn)而成為太湖文化區(qū)的組成部分；第三階段江淮東部則成為海岱文化的分布范圍。 五、第四章：江淮東部地區(qū)史前社會經(jīng)濟(jì)。主要是對不同時期江淮東部地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)的與經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的遺存進(jìn)行分析,以闡述當(dāng)時的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。江淮東部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)與當(dāng)時的自然資源、環(huán)境有密切關(guān)系,尤其是在龍虬莊文化時期,可以說漁獵和采集類的攫取經(jīng)濟(jì)在獲取食物資源中占有重要地位,而以家畜飼養(yǎng)和水稻種植為代表的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)并沒有占據(jù)絕對優(yōu)勢；該階段的手工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)中,陶器和骨角器制作都達(dá)到了較高的水平,尤其是骨角器的加工,有了專門的工匠。龍虬莊文化之后,雖然也發(fā)掘了不同時期的遺址,但與經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的遺存相對較少,限制了我們對于當(dāng)時社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的認(rèn)識。 六、第五章：江淮東部地區(qū)史前聚落分析。主要從聚落的分布、聚落內(nèi)部居址及墓葬情況著手,對于江淮東部地區(qū)的史前社會狀況進(jìn)行探討。從聚落的分布情況可以看出江淮東部地區(qū)在史前文化交流中的作用,同時也可以了解文化傳播及人群遷徙的路線,江淮東部地區(qū)在史前時期可以說經(jīng)歷了一個海岱、太湖系文化南來北往的過程；而通過居址形態(tài)和墓葬,可以了解江淮東部地區(qū)在史前時期的社會組織結(jié)構(gòu)及發(fā)展進(jìn)程。 七、第六章：江淮東部地區(qū)史前思想信仰。主要對江淮東部地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)的史前時期的刻畫符號、特殊埋葬方式等可以反映思想信仰的各種考古遺存與現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析,進(jìn)而揭示當(dāng)時的思想信仰狀況�？梢钥闯�,江淮東部地區(qū)相對于海岱地區(qū)和太湖地區(qū)而言,在史前時期并沒有形成自己強(qiáng)勢的思想傳統(tǒng),而這也是其很快走向衰亡的極為重要的原因。 八、結(jié)語：對前文內(nèi)容的概括和總結(jié),同時指出文章的創(chuàng)新之處以及寫作過程中的一些問題。
[Abstract]:The Huaihe basin occupies an important position in the formation and development of ancient Chinese civilization. However, the academic circles pay more attention to it than the the Yellow River River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin. In particular, the eastern Huaihuai region, which is seriously affected by the changes in the natural environment, has not received the due attention, not only the archaeological work has been carried out relatively little, and the corresponding research has also been studied. It is far from enough. After the discovery of the site of the Qing lotus site, the name of the green lotus culture was put forward, which broke the original "Yangshao Longshan" two yuan pattern. But before 1990s, the eastern region of Jianghuai mainly discussed the cultural properties of several sites near the Qinghai lotus post, but there were few sites in the eastern part of Jianghuai. As a result, this kind of discussion is mostly based on sites with similar cultural features with the site of the Qing lotus site, which are mostly not in the eastern part of the Yangtze and Huaihe areas, so that the original culture and the cultural sequence in the prehistoric period in the eastern part of the Yangtze and Huaihe regions have not been well solved.
The excavation of the Jia Lake site in the upper reaches of Huaihe has made people have a new understanding of the primitive culture of the Huaihe River Basin. In order to deepen the understanding of the prehistoric culture of the Huaihe basin, and to solve the problem of the archaeological cultural area in the eastern part of the Yangtze Huaihe region, the Nanjing Museum has carried out a series of tests in the east of the Yangtze and Huaihe areas. The ancient investigation and excavation work not only provided a new clue to the long - lasting discussion of the Qing lotus culture, but also accumulated a large number of new materials for the comprehensive study of the region, and the third national cultural relics census conducted in recent years has increased the number of prehistoric sites in the east of the Yangtze and Huaihe regions. The archaeological research work in the area of Hai Dai and Taihu has been enriched, and the development sequence and cultural features of the archaeological culture in the two regions have been clearly understood. At the same time, the introduction of new archaeology has made us realize that the problems to be solved in archaeological research should be addressed through the archaeological materials we found to explain the society at that time. In particular, the theories and methods of archaeology have become more and more mature since twenty-first Century. On this basis, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the prehistoric relics in the eastern region of Jianghuai and establishes the prehistoric culture in the east of Jianghuai. The development of the prehistoric society of the eastern Jianghuai region, which is revealed by archaeological remains, is discussed from the different aspects of the quality and age development sequence and from the different aspects of the economy, settlement and ideological belief.
The full text is divided into eight parts.
First, introduction: the main introduction of the reasons for the article and the thinking of writing, at the same time, a brief description of the time and space framework of the article, and the application of the theory and methods are introduced.
The two, the first chapter: the natural geographical environment in the east of the Yangtze Huaihe region, mainly from the geographical features and causes, the natural environment and climate, the change of the coastline, the Changjiang River entrance to the sea and the changes of Huaihe and the Western lakes, and the natural and geographical environment of the eastern region of the Yangtze and Huaihe eastern regions by means of the existing research results. In the early stages of the development of the class, the advantages and disadvantages of the natural environment and geographical position greatly affect the process of human social development. The special geographical environment in the east of the Huaihe and Huaihe East has made the archaeological culture with its own characteristics in the first stage of the Yangtze and Huaihe River, but this is one of the reasons for its decline and decline, and it also affects the latter. The distribution and dissemination routes of various cultures in the eastern part of Yangtze Huaihe River.
The three, the second chapter: the prehistoric archaeological work and research course in the east of the Jianghuai region. It mainly introduces the prehistoric archaeological investigation and excavation work in Eastern Jianghuai region, as well as the corresponding archaeological research work in different periods. The archaeological work and research in the eastern region of Jianghuai area can be divided into two stages in 1991. The research level is mainly focused on the definition of the attributes of cultural remains; at the later stage, it began to have targeted excavation work and acquired different types of cultural remains. On the other hand, we began to explore the prehistoric social conditions combined with excavation materials.
The four, the third chapter: the development sequence of the prehistoric culture in the eastern region of Jianghuai. On the basis of the analysis of the prehistoric sites found in the eastern region of the Huaihe and Huaihe region, it contrasts with the other sites in the region, thus combing the relationship between the various relics in the East of the Yangtze and Huaihe region, establishing the sequence of cultural development, and at the same time, the cultural remains and the surrounding areas A comparative study is carried out to determine the absolute age and nature of cultural remains in different periods of the region. There are great differences in the cultural features and nature of the different stages of the eastern Jianghuai region. In general, it can be divided into three major stages. The first stage is the period of the Wen Qiu Wen Hua, and the eastern part of the Jianghuai East is mostly the local primitive culture. In the late stage of cultural development, the distribution area is strongly influenced by the culture of the Taihu region. The remains of the Northern Qinghai Province can be attributed to the prehistoric culture of the Huai Region, and the second stage of the original culture of the eastern region of the Jianghuai region is lost, and the distribution of the Liangzhu culture remains in the region, thus becoming a component of the Taihu cultural area. In the third stage, the eastern part of Jianghuai has become the distribution area of Hai Dai culture.
The five and fourth chapters: the prehistoric society and economy in the eastern part of the Yangtze Huaihe region, mainly to analyze the economic related remains found in the eastern region of the Yangtze and Huaihe Huaihe region, in order to explain the economic situation at the time. The economy in the eastern region of the Yangtze Huaihe region is closely related to the natural resources and environment at that time, especially in the period of the Dragon Qiu Zhuang culture. The acquisition economy occupies an important position in the acquisition of food resources, while the production economy represented by livestock breeding and rice cultivation does not occupy an absolute advantage. In the handicraft economy of this stage, the production of pottery and angle apparatus has reached a higher level, especially the processing of the bone horns, with a special craftsman. Although the ruins of different periods have been excavated, there are relatively few remains related to the economy, which limits our understanding of the social economy at that time.
The six and fifth chapters: the analysis of prehistoric settlements in the east of the Yangtze Huaihe region, mainly from the distribution of the settlement, the internal address of the settlement and the burial situation, and the prehistoric social situation in the eastern region of Jianghuai. In the eastern part of Jianghuai, the eastern region of Jianghuai can be said to have experienced a haai and Taihu culture from the south to the north, and the social structure and development process of the eastern Jianghuai eastern region in the prehistoric period can be understood.
The seven, the sixth chapter: the prehistoric belief of the eastern Jianghuai region, mainly to the portrayal symbols of the prehistoric period discovered in the east of the Huaihe Huaihe region, the special burial mode and other archaeological remains and phenomena which can reflect the thought and belief, and then reveal the thought state of the thought at that time. It can be seen that the eastern region of Jianghuai is relative to the Hai Dai. In the region and Taihu, there was no strong ideological tradition in prehistoric times, which is also a very important reason for its rapid decline.
Eight, concluding remarks: summarize and summarize the foregoing contents, and point out the innovation of the article and some problems in the process of writing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K872

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