本文選題：渤海國 + 空間視域　； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：渤海國(698—926)是唐代東北地方民族政權(quán),其文明發(fā)展程度繁盛,是唐朝在東北亞地區(qū)的文化中轉(zhuǎn)站,素有“海東盛國”之稱。在二百余年的國祚內(nèi),先后建有中京、上京、東京、西京、南京五座中心城市,五京之中的中京、上京及東京都曾作為渤海國的首都(王都),其中上京為都時間最久,西京與南京雖然從未作為國家的政治中心,但它們在渤海國的發(fā)展歷程中也發(fā)揮了特殊的功能。五京是渤海國在中央政權(quán)之下控制地方的區(qū)域中心,承擔(dān)了渤海國與東北亞各個國家、部族之間以及本國內(nèi)部間交通往來的樞紐作用。五京的發(fā)展可以說是渤海國歷史的縮影,也是研究渤海問題的重要部分。渤海實施五京制是“憲象唐朝”文化、制度的表現(xiàn)形式之一。研究五京,不僅僅是研究個體的“京城”,還包含了以五京整體為中心展開的疆域拓展、交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)完善、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展以及都城遷移等方面的綜合討論。鑒于此,本文以五京的空間選擇和都城的遷移為研究視角,共分五個部分對渤海國五京予以探討:第一部分(緒論)主要闡述了論文的選題緣由、主要研究方法和研究思路,并重點(diǎn)梳理了渤海國五京的研究現(xiàn)狀。第二部分(第一章)探討了渤海國五京制的淵源及其早期都城。本文梳理了中國歷史上五京制的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展過程,指出渤海國五京制概念是由唐輸入�？甲C了敦化城山子山城和延吉城子山山城,認(rèn)為敦化城山子山城存在諸多不符合“東牟山”的特征,將渤海建國之地推定為今延吉市東郊的城子山山城。和龍西古城距離東牟山(城子山山城)較近,城址又具備都城屬性,故將其判定為渤海國早期都城,即顯州(中京)之所在。第三部分(第二章、第三章)從歷史政治地理和經(jīng)濟(jì)地理兩個角度,探討渤海實施五京制度的原因及空間位置選擇依據(jù)。政治地理方面,主要是以渤海疆域的發(fā)展為研究脈絡(luò),論述渤海國五京設(shè)置與疆域拓展的相互作用,詮釋五京制的實施有利于加強(qiáng)對各地區(qū)的管理,并實現(xiàn)對以五京為核心的渤海國疆域的有效統(tǒng)治;經(jīng)濟(jì)地理方面,以渤海國經(jīng)濟(jì)地理空間分布及交通格局為基礎(chǔ),分析五京位置選擇的依據(jù)。第四部分(第四章)以最新考古成果為基礎(chǔ),從歷史城市地理的角度,審視五京的城市形態(tài)。本部分主要考察了目前可判定城址的上京(東京城)、中京(西古城)、東京(八連城)、南京(青海土城)。通過比較,本文認(rèn)為五京城址所在地的自然環(huán)境與周邊配套設(shè)施建設(shè)基本一致,但因五京之中有主都和陪都之分,功能不同又導(dǎo)致了城址的形制與規(guī)模存在差異。第五部分(第五章)重點(diǎn)探討了渤海國的遷都問題。本部分主要在五京設(shè)置與疆域拓展、經(jīng)濟(jì)地理關(guān)系等問題的研究基礎(chǔ)上,提出渤海國的遷都路線是中京(顯州)——上京——東京——上京,將驅(qū)動渤海都城遷移的結(jié)構(gòu)要素劃分為需求性要素、推動性要素和支持性要素三種類型,并就其驅(qū)動機(jī)制做出闡釋。研究表明,基于都城優(yōu)越的自然地理位置與經(jīng)濟(jì)地理環(huán)境,在渤海國疆域擴(kuò)展方向的導(dǎo)向下,通過兼并梲棬諸部,增強(qiáng)管控能力等因素的驅(qū)動,經(jīng)渤海國與周邊國家、部族親疏遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系的推動,促使渤海國都城的遷來復(fù)去。
[Abstract]:The state of Bohai (698 - 926) was a local national regime in the northeast of the Tang Dynasty. Its civilization was flourishing. It was a cultural transfer station in the Northeast Asia. It was known as the "sea Dongsheng". Within more than two hundred years, there were Zhongjing, Shanghai, Tokyo, Xijing, Nanjing, five central cities, Zhongjing, Shanghai and Tokyo in Beijing. For the capital of the state of Bohai (Wang Dou), with the longest time in Beijing, Xijing and Nanjing, although never as the political center of the state, have also played special functions in the course of the development of Bohai. It is the regional center of Bohai under the central regime, and the tribes of Bohai and Northeast Asia, and the tribes. The development of Bohai's development can be said to be the epitome of the history of the country and an important part of the study of the Bohai problem. The implementation of the five Beijing system in Bohai is one of the forms of "constitutional Tang Dynasty" and one of the forms of the system. In view of this, a total of five parts are discussed in five parts: the first part (Introduction) mainly expounds the reasons for the topic of the thesis. Research methods and research ideas, and focus on the research status of Bohai state five Jing. The second part (Chapter 1) discusses the origin and early capital of the five Beijing system in Bohai. This article combs the production and development process of the five Beijing system in the history of China, and points out that the five Beijing system of Bohai is the input of the Tang Dynasty. It has examined the mountain and son mountain city of Dunhua city and the city of Dunhua. Yanji City Zi Shan mountain city, thought that the Dunhua City mountain and Zi mountain city exists many non conforms to the "East Mou mountain" characteristic, presumed the Bohai founding place as the city of the east suburb of the present Yanji City, and the ancient city of the Longxi city is closer to the eastern Mou mountain (the city of the city of the city of the city), and the city site has the capital property, so it is judged to be the early capital of the Bohai state, that is, the state of the state (middle state). The third part (the second chapter, the third chapter) discusses the reasons for the implementation of the five Beijing system in Bohai from two angles of historical and political geography and economic geography. The political geography is mainly based on the development of the territory of Bohai as the research vein, and discusses the interaction between the five Jing setting and the territory expansion of the Bohai State, and interprets five The implementation of the Beijing system is conducive to strengthening the management of various regions and realizing the effective rule of the territory of Bohai with the core of the five capital. On the basis of economic geography, the fourth part (fourth chapter), based on the latest archaeological achievements, is based on the latest archaeological achievements. At the angle of geography, we examine the city shape of the five capital city. This part mainly inspects the Shanghai City (Tokyo city), Zhongjing (West City), Tokyo (eight Liancheng), Nanjing (Qinghai city). By comparison, this article thinks that the natural environment of the location of the site of the five Beijing city is basically consistent with the construction of the surrounding facilities. In the fifth part (fifth chapter), the fifth part (fifth chapter) focuses on the issue of the relocation of the country. This part is mainly on the basis of the research on the development of the five Jing setting and the territory expansion, the economic geography relation and so on. It is proposed that the route of the relocation of the Bohai state is Zhongjing (Xian state) - Shanghai Beijing - East Beijing - Shanghai Beijing, the structural elements that drive the migration of Bohai capital are divided into demand elements, three types of driving factors and supporting elements, and their driving mechanism is explained. The study shows that the natural geographical location and economic geography of the capital are based on the direction of the expansion of the territory of the Bohai Sea state. Various departments, such as enhancing the ability to control and control, drive the capital of Bohai to move back and forth through the promotion of close relations between Bohai and neighboring countries and tribes.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K878.3;K242

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