本文選題：花鳥玉器 + 起源與發(fā)展　； 參考：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：所謂花鳥玉器,是指以花卉、鳥獸、魚蟲等紋樣為藝術(shù)造型題材以供觀賞或裝飾的玉器。從本質(zhì)上說,中國古代花鳥玉器,是源遠(yuǎn)流長的中華本土禮儀文化因素與西方造型藝術(shù)傳統(tǒng)結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物。 盡管中國史前時(shí)期出現(xiàn)了大量的鳥獸紋玉器,但其基本功能是為神權(quán)統(tǒng)治服務(wù),并不屬于真正意義上的花鳥玉。夏商周三代時(shí)期,隨著國家文明的形成和發(fā)展,玉器由史前單一的奉神之物轉(zhuǎn)而成為神化王者權(quán)威、辨別上下等級(jí)的禮儀用器。但究其社會(huì)功用,主要的是用于宗教禮儀,而與裝點(diǎn)環(huán)境、美化生活基本無關(guān),因此也不屬真正的花鳥玉器。春秋之際,禮崩樂壞,經(jīng)過戰(zhàn)國數(shù)百年之久的變法運(yùn)動(dòng),至秦朝建立,中國古代社會(huì)完成了由傳統(tǒng)的禮制型社會(huì)到新興的法制型社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)型。中國古代傳統(tǒng)玉器的功能也由過去社會(huì)上層單一的敬神、尊王的禮儀用具開始走向世俗、流入民間,漸次有了陳設(shè)和裝飾等社會(huì)功用。 至漢代,西方社會(huì)流行的蓮花等世俗裝飾紋樣漸次隨著佛教的傳播而在中國各地流行傳衍。中國古代社會(huì)逐漸地發(fā)展出現(xiàn)了獨(dú)立意義上的藝術(shù)作品,中國古代玉器開始出現(xiàn)由禮儀用玉到世俗用玉的轉(zhuǎn)變�；B玉器在唐朝的出現(xiàn),是中國古代玉器發(fā)展史上的一次具有里程碑意義的重大轉(zhuǎn)折,它的出現(xiàn),使源遠(yuǎn)流長的中國傳統(tǒng)玉文化發(fā)展序列最終完成了由禮玉到俗玉的歷史轉(zhuǎn)變。遼、宋、金、元、明、清之際,由唐朝開創(chuàng)的花鳥玉器發(fā)展出現(xiàn)了兩大分支: 一方面,在中原一帶立國的兩宋、元、明和清朝的花鳥玉器,由于受到唐以來花鳥畫風(fēng)的薰習(xí)感染和潛移默化,日趨轉(zhuǎn)精,獲得了長足的發(fā)展。而崛起于東北地區(qū)的遼金王朝,則在本區(qū)草原花鳥畫派文化氛圍的影響之下,吸納承傳了中原地區(qū)唐以來的花鳥玉器傳統(tǒng),發(fā)創(chuàng)造并發(fā)展起了獨(dú)具時(shí)代特征和民族特色的以鶻攫天鵝和山林逐鹿為基本創(chuàng)作題材的“春水玉”和“秋山玉”。其遺風(fēng)流韻,歷元明而至清亡,因成中國古代玉器發(fā)展史上的一支奇葩。
[Abstract]:The so-called flowers and birds jade, refers to flowers, birds, animals, fish and insect patterns for artistic modeling for ornamental or decorative jade. In essence, the jade wares of Chinese ancient flowers and birds are the result of the combination of the Chinese native etiquette culture factor and the western plastic arts tradition. Although a large number of bird and animal jade wares appeared in prehistoric China, their basic function is to serve theocracy and not to belong to the real flower and bird jade. During the three dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou, with the formation and development of national civilization, jade articles changed from a single prehistoric worship of God to become the authority of deified kings, and to distinguish the upper and lower levels of ceremonial instruments. But its social function is mainly used for religious etiquette, and it has nothing to do with decorating the environment and beautifying life, so it is not a real flower and bird jade. During the Spring and Autumn period, the ritual collapsed and broke. After hundreds of years of reform in the warring States period, to the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, the ancient Chinese society completed the transformation from the traditional ritual society to the emerging legal society. The function of the traditional jade articles in ancient China also changed from the simple worship of gods in the upper social strata, and the ceremonial utensils of respecting the king began to move towards the secular, flowing into the folk, and gradually had the social functions of furnishing and decorating. To the Han Dynasty, the popular lotus flowers and other secular decorative patterns gradually spread with the spread of Buddhism in various parts of China. Chinese ancient society gradually developed and appeared independent works of art, and ancient Chinese jade began to change from ceremonial jade to secular jade. The appearance of flower and bird jade in the Tang Dynasty is a milestone turning point in the history of the development of jade in ancient China. Its appearance makes the development sequence of Chinese traditional jade culture with a long history finally complete the historical transformation from ritual jade to vulgar jade. At the time of Liao, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, there were two branches in the development of flower and bird jade created by Tang Dynasty: On the one hand, the flowers and birds jade of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, which were founded in the Central Plains, became more and more refined and developed rapidly because of the infection and imperceptibility of the flower-and-bird painting style since the Tang Dynasty. The Liao and Jin dynasties, which rose in the Northeast, were influenced by the cultural atmosphere of the Flower and Bird painting School in this area, absorbing and inheriting the tradition of flowers and birds jade articles since the Tang Dynasty in the Central Plains. Fat created and developed "Chunshui Jade" and "Qiushan Jade" with unique characteristics of the times and ethnic characteristics, which took the swan and the mountain forest as the basic subjects of creation. Its relic style rhyme, Yuan and Ming dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, because of the ancient Chinese jade development history of a wonderful flower.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K876.8

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本文編號(hào)：1868953