發(fā)布時間：2018-05-08 06:27

  本文選題：高廟遺址 + 魚類遺存　； 參考：《湖南大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：高廟遺址位于湖南省洪江市，是我國一處重要的新石器時代貝丘遺址，遺址中發(fā)現(xiàn)的遺跡和遺物不僅為建立沅水中、上游地區(qū)的新石器時代考古學文化譜系建立了基礎(chǔ)，而且還涉及到史前時期人類的宗教信仰以及中國文明起源等重要課題。高廟遺址中出土了大量的水、陸生動物遺骸，這其中魚類骨骼數(shù)量眾多，種類廣泛，在我國新石器時代遺址中十分少見。 本課題是首次運用動物考古學的方法對單個遺址的魚類骨骼進行全面、系統(tǒng)的研究。通過對高廟遺址出土的5786件魚類骨骼進行鑒定、統(tǒng)計、測量，獲知高廟先民捕獲的魚種有白鰱、青魚、草魚、鯉魚、溼魚、黃顙魚等共計二目七科(亞科)八屬七種魚類，其中對白鰱的捕獲數(shù)量巨大。高廟上層(距今6300~5300年)和高廟下層(距今7800~6800年)兩個時期在捕魚對象、捕魚工具、捕魚數(shù)量上發(fā)生了顯著的變化，表現(xiàn)在高廟上層時捕獲大魚的數(shù)量是高廟下層時期的3倍多，而捕獲小魚的數(shù)量在高廟上層時卻明顯下降。 實踐研究中，，本文對動物考古學的理論方法有所創(chuàng)新，并獲得了一些探索性的認識。如對骨骼的鑒定方面，不僅以骨骼的外部形態(tài)作為鑒定種屬的依據(jù)，而且將骨骼的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)也作為了一種鑒定的觀察對象，從而鑒定出高廟遺址和我國以往多處考古遺址出土的棗核狀變異骨骼就是白鰱支鰭骨。通過對魚類提供卡路里值推算，認為盡管高廟遺址捕獲青魚的數(shù)量比草魚少，但是青魚所提供的總卡路里值熱量卻比草魚多。從捕獲魚類的年齡研究上，發(fā)現(xiàn)白鰱都為4齡以上，達到性成熟標準，結(jié)合遺址附近就有魚類洄游產(chǎn)卵的漁場，推測當時人們利用魚類洄游的特性來捕撈白鰱。 最后，通過將高廟遺址出土的魚類材料與長江流域出土的魚類遺存進行對比，進一步體現(xiàn)出高廟魚類遺存的重要研究價值，在此基礎(chǔ)上，對長江流域的捕魚經(jīng)濟特點進行了初步的探討。
[Abstract]:The Gaomiao site, located in Hongjiang City, Hunan Province, is an important Neolithic Beiqiu site in China. The relics and relics found in the site not only laid the foundation for the establishment of the Neolithic archaeological cultural pedigree in Yuanshui, but also in the upper reaches. It also involves the religious belief of human beings and the origin of Chinese civilization in prehistoric period. A large number of water and terrestrial remains were unearthed from the Gaomiao site, in which the number of fish bones was numerous and the species were extensive, which was very rare in the Neolithic sites in China. This paper is the first time to make a comprehensive and systematic study on the fish bones of a single site by using animal archaeology. Through the identification, statistics and measurement of 5786 fish bones unearthed from the Gaomiao site, it was found that the species of fish caught by the ancestors of Gaomiao were silver carp, herring fish, grass carp, wet fish, yellow obvidraco, etc., in total, seven species of fish belonging to eight genera and seven families (subfamilies) of two orders and seven families (subfamilies). Among them, the amount of silver carp caught is huge. In the upper part of the temple (6300-5300 years ago) and the lower layer of the temple (7800-6800 years ago), significant changes have taken place in the fishing objects, fishing tools, and the quantity of fishing, which shows that the number of large fish caught in the upper part of the temple is more than three times that in the period of the lower level of the temple. The number of small fish caught in the temple when the upper layer of a significant decline. In the practical research, this paper innovates the theory and method of animal archaeology, and obtains some exploratory understanding. For example, in the identification of bone, not only the external shape of bone is used as the basis for identifying species, but also the internal structure of bone is regarded as an object of observation for identification. Thus, it is identified that the jujube core variant bone unearthed from Gaomiao site and many archaeological sites in China is the branching fin bone of silver carp. By calculating the calorie value of fish, it is concluded that although the number of herring caught at Gaomiao site is less than that of grass carp, the total calorie value of herring fish is more than that of grass carp. From the age study of catching fish, it was found that the silver carp were above 4 years old, which reached the standard of sexual maturity. Combined with the fish migration and spawning fishing ground near the site, it was speculated that people used the characteristics of fish migration to catch silver carp at that time. Finally, by comparing the fish materials unearthed from the Gaomiao site with the fish remains unearthed in the Yangtze River Basin, the important research value of the fish remains of the Gaomiao site is further reflected. In this paper, the characteristics of fishing economy in the Yangtze River basin are preliminarily discussed.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K878;Q915

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 于紅霞;唐文喬;李思發(fā);;長江老江河國家級四大家魚原種場鰱的生長特征[J];動物學雜志;2009年02期

2 李民昌,張敏,湯陵華;高郵龍虬莊遺址史前人類生存環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟生活[J];東南文化;1997年02期

3 陳星玉;雅羅魚亞科咽骨及咽齒的研究[J];動物學研究;1986年02期

4 袁靖;試論中國動物考古學的形成與發(fā)展[J];江漢考古;1995年02期

5 韓立剛;;安徽省濉溪縣石山子遺址動物骨骼鑒定與研究[J];考古;1992年03期

6 付羅文;袁靖;;重慶忠縣中壩遺址動物遺存的研究[J];考古;2006年01期

7 ;湖南洪江市高廟新石器時代遺址[J];考古;2006年07期

8 伍獻文;;記殷墟出土之魚骨[J];考古學報;1949年04期

9 ;澧縣夢溪三元宮遺址[J];考古學報;1979年04期

10 賀剛;陳利文;;高廟文化及其對外傳播與影響[J];南方文物;2007年02期

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條

1 王運輔;三峽先秦漁獵經(jīng)濟的考古學觀察[D];重慶師范大學;2006年

本文編號：1860315